反倾销中替代国制度存在的问题与完善-国际商法论文-国际法论文-法学论文.docxVIP

反倾销中替代国制度存在的问题与完善-国际商法论文-国际法论文-法学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　替代国制度作为反倾销调查中针对非市场经济国家出口产品计算正常价值的一种特殊方法,其合法性被WTO规则所确认。该制度存在理论基础界定不明,实践中被进口国滥用等缺陷,宜从明确非市场经济国家标准、限制替代国适用等方面进行完善。中国作为替代国制度滥用的最大受害国之一,在国际层面,应正确解读《中国入世议定书》第15条、运用WTO争端解决机制、积极签署多边或双边协定、警惕特殊市场状况条款、采取适度合理的贸易保护反制措施等,在国内层面,应进一步推动市场化改革、完善反倾销法、建立反倾销调查预警机制、主动提供替代国等,统筹考量、综合权衡、精准对策,充分依据既有国际贸易规则,以期切实维护国家和企业在国际贸易中的合法权益。 　　关键词：　替代国制度; 反倾销; 滥用; 贸易保护; 　　Abstract：　As a special method to calculate the normal value of the non market economy national export products in the anti-dumping investigation, the legitimacy of the surrogate country system is confirmed by the WTO rules. There are some defects in the system, such as unclear definition of theoretical basis, abuse by importing countries in practice, and so on. At the international level, China, as the biggest victim of the abuse of the surrogate countrys system, should correctly interpret Article 15 of the protocol on Chinas accession to the WTO, use the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, actively sign multilateral or bilateral agreements, be alert to the special market conditions clause, and take appropriate and reasonable trade protection and anti-dumping measures. At the domestic level, we should further promote the market-oriented reform and improve anti-dumping Law, establish an early warning mechanism for anti-dumping investigation, actively provide surrogate countries, etc, make overall consideration, comprehensive weighing and precise countermeasures, fully based on the existing international trade rules, in order to effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of state and enterprises in international trade. 　　Keyword：　surrogate country system; anti-dumping; abuse; trade protection; 　　《中国入世议定书》第15条规定,入世过渡期结束后,WTO成员国对我国产品进行反倾销调查时,不能继续使用替代国价格。2016年12月11日过渡期期满,全世界范围内引发了一场能否对华继续沿用替代国制度的辩论。欧盟、美国和日本等成员国早在15条到期之前就宣布拒绝承认我国的市场经济地位,将会继续采用替代国价格的做法。这些国家为什么不愿意放弃替代国制度而重新解读15条到期的法律意义?因为反倾销作为WTO允许抵制倾销的贸易救济措施,随着贸易竞争的日益激烈,某种程度上已经沦为贸易保护的手段,这些国家针对以中