06-接口管理配置指导-LoopBack接口、NULL接口和InLoopBack接口配置.pdfVIP

目 录 1 LoopBack接口、NULL接口和InLoopBack接口 ····································································· 1-1  1.1 LoopBack接口 ··········································································································· 1-1  1.1.1 LoopBack接口简介····························································································· 1-1  1.1.2 配置LoopBack接口 ···························································································· 1-1  1.2 NULL接口 ················································································································· 1-2  1.2.1 NULL接口简介 ·································································································· 1-2  1.2.2 配置NULL接口·································································································· 1-2  1.3 InLoopBack接口 ········································································································· 1-2  1.4 LoopBack接口、NULL接口和InLoopBack接口显示和维护 ··················································· 1-2  i 1 LoopBack接口、NULL接口和InLoopBack接口 1.1 LoopBack接口 1.1.1 LoopBack接口简介 LoopBack 接口是一种虚拟接口。LoopBack 接口创建后，除非手工关闭该接口，否则其物理层永远 处于 up 状态。鉴于这个特点，LoopBack 接口的应用非常广泛，主要表现在： • 该接口的地址常被配置为设备产生的 IP 报文的源地址。因为 LoopBack 接口地址稳定且是单 播地址，所以通常将 LoopBack 接口地址视为设备的标志。在认证或安全等服务器上设置允 许或禁止携带 LoopBack 接口地址的报文通过，就相当于允许或禁止某台设备产生的报文通 过，这样可以简化报文过滤规则。但需要注意的是，将 LoopBack 接口地址用于 IP 报文源地 址时，需借助路由配置来确保 LoopBack 接口到对端的路由可达。另外，任何送到 LoopBack 接口的 IP 报文都会被认为是送往设备本身的，设备将不再转发这些报文。 • 该接口常用于动态路由协议。比如：在一些动态路由协议中，当没有配置 Router ID 时，将 选取所有 LoopBack 接口上数值最大的 IP 地址作为 Router ID；在BGP 协议中，为了使 BGP 会话不受物理接口故障的影响，可将发送 BGP 报文的源接口配置成 LoopBack 接口。