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定语从句讲解
1.定语从句:复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable.
Those who work hard will make progress.
2. 先行词 :被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3. 关系词 :引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1)关系词有 关系代词和关系副词
。关系代词有 that,
which,
who, whom,
whose, as 等;关系副词有
when,
where,
why 等。
2)关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A、引导 定语从句; B、代替 先行词; C、在定语从句中担当一个 成分 。
例如:
The man
who is
shaking
hands
with
my
father
is a
policeman.
该句 ,
who
is
shaking
hands
with
my
father
是定语从句, 修饰先行词 the
man, “who”是引导定语从句
的关系词,代替先行词
the
man,在定语从句中作主语。
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句
1. who
指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
The
boys
who are
playing
football
are
from
Class
One.
Yesterday
I
helped
an
old
man
who
had
lost
his
way.
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老
人。
2. whom
指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
The
professor
( whom
)
you
are
waiting
for
has
come.
你正在等的教授已经来了。
The
girl
(
whom
)
the
teacher
often
praises
is
our
monitor.
注意:关系代词
whom
在口语或非正式文体中常可用
who
来代替,也可省略。但直接介词后只用
whom,不可省略。
The man
(
whom
/
who
)you
met
just
now
is
my
old
friend.
The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.
( whom不可省略)
3. which
指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。
Football
is
a game
which
is
liked
by
most
boys.
This
is
the
pen
(
which
)
he
bought
yesterday.
He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry.
4.that
指人时, 相当于 who
或 whom;指物时, 相当于 which. 。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
The
number
of people
that
/
who
come
to visit
this
city
each
year reaches one million
.
Where is
the
man
(that
/
whom) I
saw
this
morning?
我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?
Yesterday
I
received
a letter
that
/
which
came
from
Australia.
5. whose
通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做
定语 。
I visited
a
scientist
whose
name
is
known
all
over the
country.
我拜访了一个全国知名的科学
家。
I once
lived
in
the
house
whose
roof
has
fallen
in.
我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子
里。
注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea.
We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea.
We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea
We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face the sea
Do you
like
the
book
whose
cover
is
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