【学习】神经元和神经胶质细胞胶质细胞compositionofnervoustissue.ppt

Composition of Nervous Tissue ? Neuron : ? Supporting cells : – CNS : neuroglia (glia) – PNS : Schwann cells and satellite cells – Functions : ? ? ? ? physical support electrical insulation metabolic exchange blood-brain barrier Types and Functions of Glia Name of Glial Cell Astrocyte (Astroglia) Function Star-shaped cells that provide physical and nutritional support for neurons: 1) clean up braindebris; 2) transport nutrients to neurons; 3) hold neurons in place; 4) digest parts of dead neurons; 5) regulate content of extracellular space Like astrocytes, microglia digest parts of dead neurons. Provide the insulation (myelin) to neurons in the central nervous system. Physical support to neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Provide the insulation (myelin) to neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Microglia Oligo- dendroglia Satellite Cells Schwann Cells Neuroglia in the CNS Neuroglia: Distinguishing Features ? ? Able to replicate! Importance in nervous system function is VASTLY underestimated! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Nurturing role Signaling role (Memory?) Inflammation Pain Many more to come! ? Evidence is mounting: Properties of Blood Brain Barriers 1. Presence of tight junctions between the endothelial cells 2. One of the notable features of endothelial cells in comparison to other cell is the lack of pinocytic vesicles 3. Selective permeability to molecules based on their molecular weight and lipid solubility 4. Presence of specific markers ? Rich in two enzymes: gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) (for amino acid transport) and alkaline phosphatase (transport of phsopahte ions) used as marker for BBB. Others: glucose transporter (GLUT-1); endothelial barrier antigen (EBA; unknown function) and antigen recognized by the MRC OX-47 monoclonal antibody (important for cell-to-cell adhesion); transferrin receptor (transport of ferric ions). ? BBB Glia are different from neur