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动词不定式: to+do (高二 2016.2)
动词不定式由 “to + 动词原形”组成,是动词的一种非谓语形式。动词不定式在句中
可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补。
1. 动词不定式在句中的语法功能:
(1)动词不定式(短语)作主语
To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱。 To teach is to give. 教书就是奉献。
*to do 和 v-ing 作主语时的区别:
Smoking is a bad habit. (v-ing 作主语表示习惯性动作)
To stay home on such a cold night is comfortable. (动词不定式作主语表示偶然性或一次
性的动作)
*不定式作主语和目的状语时的区别。例如:
To get up early does good to one ’s health.早起对身体有好处。(作主语)
To get up early, one must go to bed early.为了早起,必须早睡。(作目的状语)
(2) 动词不定式(短语)作宾语
I will leave it to you to make the final decision. 我将由你来做最后的决定。(it 作形式宾语)
She decided to quit her job at last. 最后,她决定辞职。
*"疑问词 + 动词不定式短语"作宾语:
I don't know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。
The children are learning how to play the game. 孩子们在学做游戏。
例如(NMET2000 ):I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new
job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects (答案:B)
(what to expect 在句中作 know 的宾语,而what 作不定式 to expect 的逻辑宾语。)
(四川09 ) He told us whether _______ a picnic was still under discussion.
A. to have B. having C. have D. had (答案: A)
又如:It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
答案是 C 。what to do with it 作 knows 的宾语。
*注意:有些动词后面必须跟动名词作宾语,平时要注意区别,进行区分。
*forget, remember, try, regret, mean, stop 等动词后既可跟不定式又可跟动名词,须根
据其习惯用法和语境进行取舍。例如(MET91 ):
— The light in the office is still on.— Oh, I forgot____.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案是 C 。forget to do 意为 “忘了做(某事)”,forget doing “忘了做过(某事)”;
remember 有类似的区别。类似的还有:try to do “尽力做”,try doing “试着做”;regret
to say /tell “很遗憾地说”,regret doing “后悔做了……”;mean to do “意欲/ 想要做”,
mean doing “意味着做”;stop to do “停下来做另外的事情”,stop doing “停止正在做的
事情”。
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(3)动词不定式(短语)作表语
The most important thing for the U
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