动词不定式用法与专项练习.pdf

动词不定式: to+do (高二 2016.2) 动词不定式由 “to + 动词原形”组成，是动词的一种非谓语形式。动词不定式在句中 可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补。 1. 动词不定式在句中的语法功能： (1)动词不定式（短语）作主语 To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱。 To teach is to give. 教书就是奉献。 *to do 和 v-ing 作主语时的区别: Smoking is a bad habit. (v-ing 作主语表示习惯性动作) To stay home on such a cold night is comfortable. (动词不定式作主语表示偶然性或一次 性的动作) *不定式作主语和目的状语时的区别。例如： To get up early does good to one ’s health.早起对身体有好处。（作主语） To get up early, one must go to bed early.为了早起，必须早睡。（作目的状语） (2) 动词不定式（短语）作宾语 I will leave it to you to make the final decision. 我将由你来做最后的决定。(it 作形式宾语) She decided to quit her job at last. 最后，她决定辞职。 *"疑问词 + 动词不定式短语"作宾语： I don't know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。 The children are learning how to play the game. 孩子们在学做游戏。 例如（NMET2000 ）：I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects (答案:B) (what to expect 在句中作 know 的宾语，而what 作不定式 to expect 的逻辑宾语。) （四川09 ） He told us whether _______ a picnic was still under discussion. A. to have B. having C. have D. had (答案: A) 又如：It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 答案是 C 。what to do with it 作 knows 的宾语。 *注意:有些动词后面必须跟动名词作宾语，平时要注意区别，进行区分。 *forget, remember, try, regret, mean, stop 等动词后既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，须根 据其习惯用法和语境进行取舍。例如（MET91 ）： — The light in the office is still on.— Oh, I forgot____. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案是 C 。forget to do 意为 “忘了做（某事）”，forget doing “忘了做过（某事）”； remember 有类似的区别。类似的还有：try to do “尽力做”，try doing “试着做”；regret to say /tell “很遗憾地说”，regret doing “后悔做了……”；mean to do “意欲/ 想要做”， mean doing “意味着做”；stop to do “停下来做另外的事情”，stop doing “停止正在做的 事情”。 1 (3)动词不定式（短语）作表语 The most important thing for the U