悖论中的希望：德里达解构范式下的文学观解析.docxVIP

悖论中的希望：德里达解构范式下的文学观解析 内容摘要：在被引入文学批评领域后，德里达的解构思想快速衍变成为炙手可热的解构主义流派，但在被广泛应用在文本分析的同时，解构也因被过度挪用而失去了它应有的独特性和吊诡性。只有回顾并细致分析德里达自身的文学批评实践，我们才能更深刻地理解他在解构范式下对文学的独特见解，即文学不具有文学性本质，而是一种淹没建制的建制。这一文学观体现在文学所蕴含的诸多相互矛盾的特性中：文学与“法”之间的相互僭越与束缚；文学文本的民主性与秘密性，独特性与重复性；以及读者对文本的签名与反签名。然而，文学所具有的悖论属性非但没使文学陷入绝境，反而拓宽了文学的疆界，拉大了文学的张力，给予文学以希望和未来。 关键词：德里达；解构；文学；悖论；希望 作者简介：冯洋，中国人民大学外国语学院博士研究生，主要从事德里达思想研究。 Abstract： Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction quickly evolved into the popular “Deconstructionism” when it came into the academic field of literary criticism. Deconstruction has been largely applied to the textual analysis. But meanwhile， it also lost its singularity and paradoxicality due to this over-appropriation. However， when we go back to examine Derrida’s own literary criticism， we can better understand his unique insights into the nature of literature under the paradigm of deconstruction. That is， literature doesn’t possess an essence as literality. Instead， Derrida considers literature as an institution which tends to overflow the institution. This can be reflected in four pairs of paradoxical features embedded in literature： the arrogation and bondage between literature and the “Law”， the democracy and secrecy， as well as the singularity and repeatability rooted in the literary text， and the signature and countersignature on the literary text. However， all these paradoxical features expand the horizon of literature， enlarge its tension， and provide a promising future to literature rather than dragging it into an impasse. Key words： Jacques Derrida； deconstruction； literature； paradox； promise Author： Feng Yang is a Ph.D. candidate at School of Foreign Languages， Renmin University of China （Beijing 100872， China）. Her research mainly focuses on the thought of Jacques Derrida. E-mail： feng006501@163.com 解構主义作为文学批评流派中的重要分支如今已经成为被过度挪用的陈词滥调，它似乎衍变为一个实用的文学批评语料库，充斥着如“消解二元对立”“去中心化”“意义的不确定”“语言的不可靠”“文本意图的不可知”等术语。正如文学理论家拉道尔夫·加斯凯（Rodolphe Gasche）质疑某些解构主义批评家们“选择仅仅忽略德里达思想中最具深度的哲学思想”（