2020中考英语语法专题定语从句讲解练习无答案.docxVIP

定语从句 一、定语从句 定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词和关系副词）引出。 关系代词： who、 whom、 which 、 that 、 whose 关系副词： when、 where、 why 关系词常有三个作用： 1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、定语从句的引导词 先行词 成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 关系代词 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人 / 物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人 / 物 定语 when 时间 时间状语、表语 关系副词 where 地点 地点状语、表语 why 原因 原因状语、表语 三、用法 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 （ 1） who, whom, that 代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词 Is he the man who / that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？ 注：当引导词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数的变化取决于先行词。 Is he the man who / that wants to see you? He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。 注：引导词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 He is the man (whom / that) I saw yesterday. （ 2） which, that 代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词 This is the family which / that is planning to move to the city. 这是正计划要搬 进城里的一家。 The book which / that I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 我正读的这本书是 由托马斯·哈迪写的。 （ 3） whose 用来指人或物（在从句中只能作定语，若指物，可以和  of which  互换） They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.  那人的车坏了，大家都 跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （ of which ） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 2、关系代词的特殊用法 （ 1）关系代词指物时  , 用 that  而不用  which  的情况 : 1）先行词为  something,  anything,  nothing,  everything  以及 all,  much, little,  a lot,  none,  few 等不定代词时。 e. g. My mother was so proud of  all that  I did. 辨析：  My mother was so proud of  what I did.  （ all that = what  ） 2）先行词有  the last, the very, the only  等修饰时。 e. g. This is  the very  book that I  ’m looking for. 3）先行词为序数词、形容词最高级  ( 或所修饰 ) 时。 e. g. This is the most exciting film that I When people talk about Hangzhou,  ’ve ever seen. the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake. 4）先行词既有人又有物时 e. g. Do you remember  ,  只能用 that 。 the book and  its author  that  appeared on TV last Sunday. 5） There be  后面的定语从句多用  that  引导 ,  不用 which 。 e. g.  There ’ s a seat in the corner  that is still free. 6）句子前面出现了 e. g. They  who, which built a factory  时, 后面的定语从句用 that 引导。 which made some new products that  had never been seen before. 7）关系代词在定语从