2015必修四UNIT1：主谓一致.ppt

* * * * Subject–Verb agreement 主谓一致 Unit 1 Grammar 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。 二、意义一致 三、就近原则 一、语法一致 Subject–verb Agreement 主谓一致 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况： 主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式； 主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。 We often help each other. 我们经常互相帮助。 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数； 可数名词的复数形式作主语， 谓语动词用复数。 一、语法一致 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包围了这位政府官员。 Maths is hard to learn. 数学难学。 二、意义一致 在表存在的there be句式中，主语是 两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的 形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持 一致。 There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk. = There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk. = There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk. 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 There ___(be) a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 Neither I nor you ___(be) going to school today. 三、就近原则 用连词or, either … or, neither … nor, not only … but also，not…but…等连接并列主语时， 谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。 a. Neither you nor I __(be) wrong. Neither I nor you __ (be) wrong. b. Not only the students but also the teacher ___(enjoy) listening to the music. Not the teacher but the students ___(enjoy) listening to the music. 主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but等引导的短语 时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人 称和数上保持一致。 The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树。 就远原则 and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代 词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种情 况： and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 注意的规则 A.表整体概念的并列结构： bread and butter knife and fork iron and steel law and order B.配套事物： a watch and chain (2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构 是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时， 谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词 前不加冠词。 The singer and dancer ___ on the stage. (be) is A k