培训课件助动词与情态动词.pptVIP

Lecture One 助动词与情态动词 Auxiliary Verbs and Modal Verbs .精品课件. * 动词的分类 根据在句中的功能，动词可以分为： 1.实义动词(Notional Verbs) 2.系动词(Link Verbs) 3.助动词(Auxiliary Verbs) 4.情态动词(Modal Verbs) 根据其后是否带宾语，实义动词又可分为： 1.及物动词(Transitive Verbs, Vt.) 2.不及物动词(Intransitive Verbs, Vi.) .精品课件. * 助动词（Auxiliary Verbs) 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verbs）, 被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verbs）。 I dont like coffee. 助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。 最基本的助动词有三个：be, do, have. be,am,is,are,was,were,been,being have,has, had, having do,does,did .精品课件. * 助动词be,have,do的用法 助动词be主要用来构成各种进行时态和被动语态，及相应的疑问句和否定句。 What were you doing when I called? Smoking is not allowed in this building. 助动词have主要用来构成各种完成时和完成进行时态，及相应的疑问句和否定句。 Have you finished your homework? 助动词do主要用来构成疑问句和否定句，以及在动词之前表示强调。 He doesnt care what other people think. He did know that. .精品课件. * 注意： be动词除了用作助动词外，还可用作系动词，构成系表结构。 He is a dentist. have和do除用作助动词外，还可用作及物动词。 I have a brother. What are you doing? .精品课件. * 助动词will,would,shall,should 除be, have, do外，英语中的助动词还有四个：will, would, shall, should 与be, have,do不同的是，这四个词往往有情态动词的作用，可以说是介于助动词和情态动词之间的词，甚至更接近于情态动词。本讲中将其归入情态动词部分进行讲解。 .精品课件. * 情态动词（Modal Verbs） can could may might must ought to shall should will would 半情态动词 need dare be able to have to had better 所有这些情态动词、半情态动词之后都接不带to的不定式，即动词原形。 除be able to和have to中的be和have有人称、数和时态的变化外，其它情态动词都适用于各种人称，并且没有时态变化。 .精品课件. * can, could, be able to can 可用于表能力，可能性及许可。 He is only four, but he can read. Can this news be true? Can I smoke here? could 可以作为can的过去式，表过去的能力，或用在间接引语中表过去的可能或许可;还可表示委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 I could swim when I was only six. Father said I could swim in the river. Could I use your bike? .精品课件. * can 表能力时＝be able to, 但can 强调一贯的能力，be able to 更强调通过努力可以达到的能力,相当于manage to do sth.或 succeed in doing sth. I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practice. The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out. When the boat sank, he was able to swim to the bank. .精品课件. * may, might may表请求、可以、允许。 You may drive the tract