专科类化工毕业论文.docx

摘要 聚氨酯(PU)树脂是由异氰酸酯与多元醇反应制成的一种具有氨基甲酸酯链 段重复结构单元的聚合物。聚氨酯是一种高分子材料，其主要特征是分子链中含 有多个重复的―氨基甲酸酯I基团，既有橡胶的弹性，又有塑料的强度和优异的加 工性能，因其具有橡胶和塑料的双重优点，可以认为是橡胶和塑料优异性能的结 合体。由于其有其它材料无法比拟的优异特点， 从上世纪60年代后期开始，聚氨 酯逐渐实现了规模化生产，从上世纪80年代开始，聚氨酯开始在全世界高速发展， 已经成为继聚乙烯、聚氯乙稀、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯之后的第五大塑料，目前其年 产量已经超过1000万吨，列全球塑料行业的第六位。 关键词：聚氨酯；弹性；强度；第五大塑料 ABSTRACT Polyuretha ne (PU) res in is a polyg on isocya nine reacti on and made of a uretha ne chains with repeating structural units of the polymer. Polyurethane is a polymer material, whose main feature is the molecular chain with multiple repeat of the "carbamate" group, both the flexibility of rubber, plastics have the strength and excelle nt process ing performa nee, becauseof its rubber and the dual adva ntages of plastics, rubber and plastics can be con sidered a comb in ati on of excelle nt performa nee. There are other materials because of its superior characteristics can not be compared, from the late 60s of last cen tury, the progressive realizati on of the scale polyuretha ne producti on, starti ng from the 80s of last cen tury, the rapid developme nt of polyurethane over the world began, has become the polyethylene, polyvinyl ethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and plastic after the fifth-largest, at present its annual product ion of more tha n 1,000 millio n tons, out of the sixth global plastics in dustry. The keywords Polyurethane; Flexibility ; Strength; The fifth largest plastic 目录 TOC \o "1-5" \h \z \o "Current Document" 第一章绪论 仁 概述 1. \o "Current Document" 聚氨酯的发展历史 1. \o "Current Document" 聚氨酯的发展现状 2. \o "Current Document" 第二章 聚氨酯的工业合成 3. \o "Current Document" 水性聚氨酯的合成方法 3. 1.1外乳化法 3. 1.2自乳化法 3. \o "Current Document" 第三章聚氨酯的性能及其改进 6. \o "Current Document" 聚氨酯的性能 6. \o "Current Document" 水性聚氨酯（PU）性能改进 .6. 2.1内交联改性水性 PU 7. 2.2外交联改性 8. 2.3丙烯酸和环氧树脂的改性 8 \o "Current Document" 第四章聚氨酯的应用 10 \o "Current Document" 聚氨酯在建材方面的应用 10 1.1聚氨酯硬泡良好的防火耐温性能 10 1.2聚氨酯涂料（包括溶剂） 11 1.3聚氨酯漆即聚氨基甲酸酯漆 11 \o "Current Document" 聚氨酯在家电中的应用 1.1