医学考博推理题.docx

推理题 : 推理题即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上， 作出一定的判断和推理， 从而得出文 章的隐含意义和深层意义。 推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题， 做这类题目时， 要严格依据作者所陈述的 细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语， 然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。 此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你” （考生 ）的想 法，而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。 如： Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father. ― But,Dad, you can bte healthy if you re dead. II Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day. The big question is why. re dead?Why did Elizabeth say to her father, — But, Dad, you can t be healthy if you re dead? He was driving at great speed. B. He was running across the street. C. He didn t have his safety belt on.D. He didn t take his medicoinetime. 10 岁的女儿对父亲说： “爸爸，你若死了，也就不可能健康了。 ”女儿为什么这样说呢？下 文告诉我们： 父亲匆匆忙忙在天黑之前开车赶回家， 以便跑步锻炼身体， 但却在开车回家时 忘记系安全带。显然女儿是在责备父亲未系安全带开车 （即答案选 C） 。 对于文章里体现出来的信息，我们都要做到心中有数，不能忽略掉任何一个。因为这些 信息，某一个信息，有可能就是告诉你正确答案的关键。 推理题中，常会出现的惯用词是 infer, imply , most likely （least likely） 或 probably 等 推理题有两类：共性推理题，无共性推理题。 共性的推理题： 题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词， 也叫做线索词。 根据关键词找到原 文并定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数推理题都属于这类题目。相对来讲，也比较容 易做，获得正确答案。 对于无共性的推理题， 也就是题干中无线索， 一般使用排除法来进行做题。 即根据各个 选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法找到最正确的答案。 如何解推理题。 一般对比推理 根据两个事物的对比特征出题是其中之一。 问其中一个事物的特征时， 只要将与之形成 对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。例如： It should be obvious that cetacea ns-vhales, porpoises, and dolph ins -are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds （seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea）, it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters? It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like. There were great numbers of them. They