《环境科学概论》英文版全套课件.ppt

* Summary Population birthrate (natality) death rate (mortality) Population growth is determined by the combined effects of the birthrate and death rate. sex ratio Age distribution typical population growth curve carrying capacity four major categories K-strategists r-strategists are generally small, short-living organisms that reproduce very quickly The human population is increasing at a rapid rate. The earths ultimate carrying capacity for humans is not known. The causes for human population growth are not just biological but also social, political, philosophical, and theological. * CHAPTER FIVEEnergy and Civilization: Patterns of Consumption Advocate a kind of civilized life style (low carbon lifestyle) * OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Explain why all organisms require a constant input of energy. Describe how per capita energy consumption increased as civilization developed from hunting and gathering to primitive agriculture to advanced cultures. Describe how advanced modern civilizations developed as new fuels were used to run machines. Correlate the Industrial Revolution with social and economic changes. Explain how cheap oil and natural gas led to a consumption-oriented society. Explain how the automobile changed peoples lifestyles. * Every form of life and all societies require a constant input of energy If the flow of energy through organisms or societies ceases, they stop functioning and begin to disintegrate. Truth of nature and human society * History Of Energy Consumption Biological Energy Sources Origin of energy source: sunlight photosynthesis producer : Plant alga * Kind of biological energy sources wood oil coal natural gas * Domesticated animals furnished for transportation Animal power Uses of biological energy * Animal power cavalry * Wood use for cooking * farming * History Of Energy Consumption Including: cooking , transportation, fight and farming. terra-cotta warrior core woo