{教育管理}土木工程英语翻译.pdf

{教育管理}土木工程英 语翻译 翻译 6Lateralbucklingofbeams 6.1Introduction InthediscussiongiveninChapter5ofthein-planebehaviourofbeams,itwa sassumedthatwhenabeamisloadedinitsstifferprincipalplane,itdeflectson lyinthatplane.Ifthebeamdoesnothavesufficientlateralstiffnessorlatera lsupporttoensurethatthisisso,thenitmaybuckleoutoftheplaneofloading,a sshowninFig.6.1.Theloadatwhichthisbucklingoccursmaybesubstantiallyle ssthanthebeam'sin-planeloadcarryingcapacity,asindicatedinFig.6.2. 6.梁的侧面翘曲 6.1 说明 在第五章关于梁的平面内性能的讨论中，假定梁按刚性主平面放置时，梁 仅在该平面内倾斜。如果梁没有足够的侧向刚度或侧面支撑，梁会发生平面外 屈曲，如图 6.1 所示。如图 6.2 所示，当发生平面外屈曲时梁的承载能力会大 大减小。 Foranidealizedperfectlystraightelasticbeam,therearenoout-of-plan edeformationsuntiltheappliedmomentMreachestheelasticbucklingmomentM0 b,whenthebeambucklesbydeflectinglaterallyandtwisting,asshowninFig.6. 1.Thesetwodeformationsareinterdependent:whenthebeamdeflectslaterally ,theappliedmomenthasaponentwhichexertsatorqueaboutthedeflectedlongit udinalaxiswhichcausesthebeamtotwist.Thisbehaviour,whichisimportantfo rlongunrestrainedI-beamswhoseresistancestolateralbendingandtorsionar elow,iscalledelasticflexural-torsionalbuckling. 作为一个理想的弹性直梁，当施加弯矩达到弹性屈曲弯矩时，梁才会发生 侧向弯曲和扭转变形，发生平面外屈曲，如图 6.1 所示。这两种变形是相互联 系的：当梁侧向倾斜时，所承受的弯矩会对侧向梁轴产生扭矩并引起梁扭转。 这种特性，对于抵抗侧向弯曲和扭转能力差的无限制 I 形梁来说很重要，被成 为弯扭屈曲。 Thefailureofaperfectlystraightslenderbeamisinitiatedwhentheaddi- tionalstressesinducedbyelasticbucklingcausefirstyield.However,aper-f ectlystraightbeamofintermediateslendernessmayyieldbeforetheelasticbu cklingmomentisreached,becauseofthebinedeffectsofthein-planebendingst ressesandanyresidualstresses,andmaysubsequentlybucklein-elastically, asindicatedinFig.6.2.Forverystockybeams,theinelasticbucklingmomentma ybehigherthanthein-planeplasticcollapsemomentinwhichcasethemomentcap acityofthebeamisnotaffectedbylateralbuckling. 理想弹性直梁的屈服始于因为因为弹性屈曲产生的附加应力导致的屈服， 然而，受平面内弯曲应力和残余应力的影响，理想弹性直梁的中间部位可能在 到达屈服弯矩前先行屈服，并发生塑形弯曲，如图 6.2 所示。对于短梁，其