小儿生长发育growthanddevelopment.pptx

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Growth and Development Yang Fan Pediatric Department Growth : defined as an increase in size of body, biological growth of an organism takes place through cell multiplication, this morphological growth can be measured clinically.the enlargement of the organ and the systemmorphological growth can be measured by exact valuesDevelopment:A gradual change and expansion; advancement from a lower to a more advanced stage of complexity; increased capacity through growth, maturation, and learningAn increase in competence and adaptability A QUALITATIVE changeFunctioning at a higher level Thus, since both processes are part of one whole, the combined terms growth and development form an unitary concept that indicates the quatitative and qualitative of maturational changes of an organism.Growth is a continuous and orderly PROCESSheightMFweightMFAge (y)Not all tissue systems of the body grow at the same rateVariabilityNot everyone is alike in the way that they growPercentile growth/ standard deviation to the normRacial and ethnic differencesBoys vs GirlsFactors Influencing GrowthHeredityNutritionGenderDiseaseEnvironmentHazardsSocioeconomic influencesGrowth CurvesBoys: 2 to 18 yearsGirls: 2 to 18 yearsBoys reach most of their height at age of 17 whereas girls reach theirs at around 15Indices of Growth Body weight (kg) the weight of a person’s body. the weight of all tissues, organs and body fluids. one indicator of the nutritional status of child. the basis of drug dosage and amount of infusion.Patterns of Weight Increment1、The first growth spurt occurs in the first year of life (the increment is about 6kg). 2、Growth is not at the same rate in different age : The increment of weight during the first 3 months is equal to that of the following 9 months. Yearly increments increase slowly until the onset of puberty. Birth weight 3 kgMature baby’s weight gain at first month 1--1.5kg 3—12months weight=(month十9) /2kg 1—6years weight= age × 2 十8kg 7—12years

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