HND国际贸易融资.pptx

Sale agreement between buyer and seller;★ Other contracts involved in the international trade;Continued;Form of export contract;Contract of Sale;Law and Dispute;★ The most common method of covering most of these terms is by Incorporating International commercial terms(INCOTERMS) or trade terms.; - who is to insure the goods in transit ?; - who bears the risk of loss or damage to goods?;So, we need a point of place for risk transfer.;Where is the place at which seller hands goods over to buyer?;How is the transportation cost shared between seller and buyer?;Seller is in charge of delivering the goods;Let’s summarize.;INCOTERMS;There are currently 13 Incoterms in use and they are categorised in four groups, designated by the first letter of the term (acronym), as follows:;Group E - Departure;Table 1. Obligations under the EXW term (B = Buyer); B;The actual point of manufacture might well vary from the place where seller operate seller’s commercial undertaking. ;FCA requires seller to take responsibility for all risks and costs until the goods are delivered to the named place and collected by the carrier nominated by the buyer. Under FCA seller are responsible for the export customs clearance.;FAS - Free Alongside Ship (...named port of shipment)－装运港;Under FOB seller are responsible for delivering goods to the named port, export customs clearance and loading them onto the vessel.;;When F Terms are used, seller should remember that:;Group C - Main Carriage Paid By Seller;CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight (...named port of destination)－海运;CIP - Carriage & Insurance Paid to (...named place of destination);;CFR and CIF are mono-modal terms and can only be used when the main carriage is by sea freight仅能海运;C Terms are quite different from other Incoterms. ;From these perspectives, the C Terms are much more beneficial for seller than for buyer, as seller select the carrier and control the costs and timing of the main carriage without undertaking