24柯西-欧拉方程——.ppt

Chapter 4 Higher-Order Differential Equation 4.7 Cauchy-Euler Equation 首页 上页 返回 下页 结束 铃 A linear differential equation of the form d y y dy n ? 1 d a n x ? a x ? ... ? a x ? a y ? g ( x ), (1) n ? 1 1 0 n n ? 1 dx dx dx n n n ? 1 where the coefficients a n , a n ? 1 ,..., a 0 are constants, is known as a Cauchy-Euler equation . The characteristic of this type of equation is that the degree k=n,n- 1,…1,0 of the monomial coefficients 首页 上页 返回 下页 结束 铃 of the monomial coefficients matches the order K x of differentiation d y dx n n k k k n ? 1 d y y n ? 1 d a n x ? a x ? ... n ? 1 n n ? 1 dx dx The above equation can be transformed into equation with constants coefficients by variable substitute dy dy dt ? t dy t ? ? ? e if x ? e , t ? ln x ? dx dt dx dt d y dy ? t d ? t dy ? 2 t d y ? 2 ? e ( e ) ? e ( 2 ? ) dx dt dt dt dt ....... 首页 上页 返回 下页 2 2 结束 铃 We can obtain d y d y dy ? ? kt ? d y ? e ? ? ? ... ? ? , ? ? 1 k ? 1 k k k ? 1 dx dt dt ? ? dt ? 1 , ? 2 ,..., ? k ? 1 where are constants. And have k k k ? 1 d y d y d y dy x ? ? ? ? ... ? ? . 1 k ? 1 k k k ? 1 dx dt dt dt k k k k ? 1 Put the above into (1), get the following linear homogeneous equation with constant coefficients 首页 上页 返回 下页 结束 铃 where are constants. Equation (2) b n , b n ? 1 ,..., b 0 has solution of the form d y d y dy t b n n ? b n ? 1 n ? 1 ? ... ? b 1 ? b 0 y ? g ( e ), dt dt dt n n ? 1 (2) y ? e . y ? x , ? ? t Then equation (1) has solution of the form put into (1) and delete y ? x k y ? x k n ? 1 get a n x k ( k ? 1)...( k ? n ? 1) x ( k ? n ? 2) x 首页 k ? n ? 1 n k ? n ? a n ? 1 x k ( k ? 1)... k ? a 1 xkx ... ? a 0 x ? g ( x ) 返回 下页 结束 铃 k ? 1 上页 That is, a n k ( k ? 1)...( k ? n ? 1) ? a n ? 1 k ( k ? 1)...( k ? n ? 2) ? ... ? a 0 ? 0. (3) This is the character equation of (1), hence real root k ? k 0 of multiplicity m of