齿轮常见故障以及诊断技术应用分析.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 3 齿轮常见故障以及诊断技术应用分析 摘 要 齿轮是生产设备中必不可少的传输动力元件，齿轮的正常工作不仅可以保证安全生产的进行，还可以提高生产效率。齿轮在工业、农业、航天业、军事等方面都有广泛的应用，某种程度上来说齿轮是世界上参与份量最多的机械元件。另一方面，齿轮的耐久性不足导致其经常发生故障，如果使用不当发现故障不及时，就会阻扰设备的正常运行。因此，了解齿轮常见故障以及研究齿轮故障诊断技术是设备状态保障的基础和关键，只有在故障发生早期就精准诊断，及时维修，才可以阻止故障的蔓延，避免财产的损失和人员伤亡。本文主要对齿轮常见故障，如齿的断裂、齿面磨损、齿面腐蚀等故障现象的原理进行分析，然后将目前生产中常用的故障诊断技术进行分析，研究其优势以及劣势，提出改进方案。 关键字：齿轮故障类型 诊断 油液分析 振动信号分析 Analysis of common faults of gears and application of diagnostic techniques Abstract Gear is an indispensable transmission power component in production equipment, the normal operation of gear can not only ensure the safety of production, but also improve production efficiency. Gears are widely used in industry, agriculture, aerospace, military and other fields. To some extent, gears are the most heavily involved mechanical components in the world. On the other hand, the insufficient durability of the gear often leads to its failure, if the improper use of the fault is not found in time, will hinder the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, it is the basis and key of equipment condition guarantee to understand the common faults of gears and study the fault diagnosis technology of gears. Only in the early stage of fault diagnosis and timely maintenance can the spread of faults be stopped and property losses and casualties be avoided. This paper mainly analyzes the principle of common faults of gear, such as tooth fracture, tooth surface wear, tooth surface corrosion and other fault phenomena, and then analyzes the fault diagnosis technology commonly used in current production, studies its advantages and disadvantages, and proposes improvement plans. Key words: gear fault type diagnosis oil analysis vibration signal analysi 1 绪论 1.1研究背景 随着现代科学生产技术的进步，航空飞行器设备的构造越来越先进，功能性和自动化程度都得到了提高，飞行器的发达为民用、军用航空都带来了巨大的影响。与此同时，很多客观不可抗阻的因素会给设备带来各种故障，使设备失去部分功能无法使用，甚至会带来生产商的灾难性后果，例如飞机的发动机中的齿轮箱等等，不仅对飞机本身造成结构上的损伤，还会对飞行安全带来极大的隐患，如果发生意外，对人身安全和财产带来的损失是无法估量的。根据外国一份调查报告，由齿轮故障引起设备故障的概率约等于10%。美国五十年代中至八十年代中，这三十多年间齿轮