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.专业整理 .
福师 1203 考试批次 《高级英语阅读二 》复习题及参考答案一
Reading comprehension: 80%
Passage 1
CBACD
Material
culture refers to
the
touchable,
material
“ things –physical”
objects
that
can be
seen, held,
felt,
used- that a culture produces.
Examining a culture
’ s tools and technology can tell us about the group
way of life.
Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture.
The most vivid body of
“ things
” in it, of course are musical instrumentsWecan. not hear for ourselves the actual
sound of any musical performance
before
the 1870s
when
the
phonograph
was
invented,
so we rely
on
instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development.
Here we
have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art.
Through the study of
instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the
Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe
that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
Sheet music or printed music, too is material culture.
Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in
which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral
and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America printed versions limit variety
because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs.
Besides,
the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the
music-culture as a whole.
One more important part of m
usic
’ s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic
media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and
singing computers and other d
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