药理学教学课件：Chapter 15 Sedative-Hypnotics.ppt

Other Drugs Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate Hypnosis —— refractory insomnia Anti-convulsion —— tetanus , convulsion of epilepsia Take 10% solution orally or per rectum generally in order to reduce stimulating . 【Adverse effects】 Gastrointestinal reaction : strong stimulation of gastric mucous membrane causes nausea , vomiting and epigastric discomfort . Overdose cause damage to heart , liver and kidney . So patients with liver or kidney disease are forbidden to take . Allergic reactions occur occasionally , such as dermatitis, erythema, urticaria, and so on. Zopiclone Show effects quickly and improve the quality of sleep. Chapter 16 Anti-Epileptic Drugs and Anticonvulsants Anti-Epileptic Drugs  Epilepsy is a family of different recurrent seizure disorders that have in common the sudden , excessive, and synchronous discharge of cerebral neurons. Psychomotor Seizures Small Seizures Grand Seizures  Lasting State of Grand Seizures Phenytoin Sodium 【Pharmacological Effects 】 Prevent transmission of diseased tissue of abnormal discharge to normal brain tissue Reduce permeability of cell membrane to Na+、Ca++ Inhibit the formation of PTP 【Clinical Uses 】 1 Grand Seizures、 Psychomotor Seizures of choice2 Trigeminal neuralgia、 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia3 Ventricular Arrhythmia 【The In Vivo Process】Strong alkaline；Irregularly absorption by p.o. ；Elimination according to first-order kinetics when blood drug concentration is below 10 μg/ml 【Adverse Reaction】 Toxic reaction related to doses:  overdose by p.o. Ataxia overdose by iv Arrhythmia、BP down over 40ug/ml Insanity over 50ug/ml Coma Chronic toxic reactionGingival hyperplasia seen in 20％ of patients, often seen in