助动词教学文档.docVIP

助动词 一．概念： 助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态，语态，语气及否定或疑问结构的动词，助动词分 为时态助动词和结构助动词 二． 相关知识精讲 1. 助动词 be 的用法 ⑴be+现在分词，构成进行时态，例如： They are having a meeting English is becoming more and more important. ⑵be +过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： The window was broken by Tom English is taught throughout the world ⑶be+动词不定式，可表示一下内容 a. 表示最近，未来的计划或安排，例如： He is to go to New York next week. We are to teach the freshmen. 说明：这种用法也可以说是一种将来时态表达法。 b. 表示命令，例如： You are to explai n this对此你必须做出解释 He is to come to the office this afterno on 要他下午来办公室 c. 征求意见 How am I to an swer him?我该怎样答复他？ Who is to go there?谁该去那呢？ d. 表示相约，商定，例如： We are to meet at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 我们明天造成 7 点在校门 口集合。 2. 助动词have的用法 ⑴have+过去分词，构成完成时态，例如： He has left for London By the end of last month, they has finished half of their work ⑵have been+想在分词，构成完成进行时态 I have been studying English for 10 years ⑶have beer+过去分词，构成完成时的被动语态 English has been taught in China for many years. 3. 助动词 do 的用法 ⑴构成一般疑问句 Do you want to pass the CET? Did you study German? ⑵do+not构成否定句 I do not want to be criticized He doesn t like to study. In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. ⑶构成否定祈使句 Dont go there. Don t be so abse-nmtinded 说明：构成否定祈使句是只用 do二不用did? does ⑷放在动词原形前， 加强该动词的语气 Do come to my birthday party. I did go there I do miss you. ⑸用于倒装句 Never did I hear of such a thing. Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 说明：引导此类倒装句的副词还有： never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so ,wel ⑹用作代动词 --- Do you like Beijing? --- Yes, I do He knows how to drive a car, doesn t he? 4. 助动词 shall 和 will 的用法 shall 和 will 作为助动词可以与动词原形一起都成一般将来时 I shall study harder at En glish我将更加努力学好英语 He will go to Shanghai. shall will shall will shall 说明：在过去的语法中， shall 用于第一人称， will 用于二，三人称。现在， will 常用 于第一人称， shall 只用于第一人称，若用于二，三人称就失去了助动词的含义，变为 情态动词的用法。 He shall come（shall 有命令的意味） He will come （将来时态） 5. 助动词 should ，would 的用法 ⑴should五此意，只是shall的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时， 只用于第一人称， 例如 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week? 比较： “wha