Negnevitsky人工智能英文讲义一52.pptxVIP

Lecture 1;Intelligent machines, or what machines can do;In order to think, someone or something has to have a brain, or an organ that enables someone or something to learn and understand things, to solve problems and to make decisions. So we can define intelligence as the ability to learn and understand, to solve problems and to make decisions. The goal of artificial intelligence (AI) as a science is to make machines do things that would require intelligence if done by humans. Therefore, the answer to the question Can Machines Think? was vitally important to the discipline. The answer is not a simple “Yes” or “No”.;Some people are smarter in some ways than others. Sometimes we make very intelligent decisions but sometimes we also make very silly mistakes. Some of us deal with complex mathematical and engineering problems but are moronic in philosophy and history. Some people are good at making money, while others are better at spending it. As humans, we all have the ability to learn and understand, to solve problems and to make decisions; however, our abilities are not equal and lie in different areas. Therefore, we should expect that if machines can think, some of them might be smarter than others in some ways.;One of the most significant papers on machine intelligence, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”, was written by the British mathematician Alan Turing over fifty years ago . However, it still stands up well under the test of time, and the Turing’s approach remains universal. He asked: Is there thought without experience? Is there mind without communication? Is there language without living? Is there intelligence without life? All these questions, as you can see, are just variations on the fundamental question of artificial intelligence, Can machines think?;Turing did not provide definitions of machines and thinking, he just avoided semantic arguments by inventing a game, the Turing Imitation Game. The imitation game originally included two pha