【美国的富人】强盗大亨与硅谷国王(上).pdfVIP

【美国的富人】强盗大亨与硅谷国王 （上） Self-made wealth in America 美国白手起家的富人 Robber barons and silicon sultans 强盗大亨与硅谷国王 Todays tech billionaires have a lot in common with a previous generation of capitalist titans — perhaps too much for their own good 当今的科技亿万富翁同上一代的大资本家有许多共同之处 ——也许， 这对他们是有很多好处的。 Jan 3rd 2015 | From the print edition of The Economist 译者：老狒狒 IN THE 50 years between the end of the American civil war in 1865 and the outbreak of the first world war in 1914, a group of entrepreneurs spearheaded Americas transformation from an agricultural into an industrial society, built gigantic business empires and amassed huge fortunes. In 1848 John J. Astor, a merchant trader, was Americas richest man with $20m (now $545m). By the time the United States entered the first world war, John D. Rockefeller had become its first billionaire. 在美国内战结束的 1865 年至第一次世界大战爆发的 1914 年的 50 年间，一群企 业家带领美国完成了从农业社会到工业社会的转变。构建了 巨大的商业帝国，累积了巨额的财富。 1848 年，商品交易商 John J. Astor 是美国首富，身价 2000 万美元（合现在的 54.5 亿美元）。到美国加入一战时，约翰· D ·洛克菲勒已经成为 美国的第一位亿万富翁。 In the 50 years since Data General introduced the first mini-computers in the late 1960s, a group of entrepreneurs have spearheaded the transformation of an industrial age into an information society, built gigantic business empires and acquired huge fortunes. When he died in 1992, Sam Walton, the founder of Walmart, was probably Americas richest man with $8 billion. Today Bill Gates occupies that position with $82.3 billion. 在数据通用公司于上世纪 60 年代末期引进 了第一台微型机算计至今的 50 年中，一群企业家在带领美 国从工业时代向信息社会转变的过程中，构建了巨大的商业 帝国，获取了巨额的财富。当沃尔玛创始人山姆·沃尔顿在 1992 年去世时， 身价 80 亿美元的他可能是美国当时的首富。 今天，比尔·盖茨以 823 亿美元占据这个位置。 The first group is now known as the robber barons. The second lot—