农业 畜牧业和食品工业中的科技.docxVIP

农业 畜牧业和食品工业中的科技 农业period;畜牧业和食品工业中的科技 农业、畜牧业和食品工业中的科技 1. 1978年以来，中国的农业技术得到了很大的改善。中国引进了高产农作物，增加了农用化学品（肥料，杀虫剂）和农业机械的用量，扩大了灌溉面积。农村地区的耗电量（它可视为技术现代化的标志）增加了6倍多。食品工业也引进了新技术，用于食品的贮藏、加工、保鲜和分配，减少了收获后的损失。然而，在农业方面，进一步实现技术现代化还有着巨大的潜力。 China has significantly improved its agricultural technology since 1978. The country has introduced high-yield crops, increased its use of agro-chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides) and agricultural machinery, and expanded irrigation. Rural electricity consumption, which can be seen as an indicator of technological modernization, has increased more than six fold. The food industry has also introduced new technologies for food storage, processing, preservation, and distribution that have reduced post-harvest losses. However, there is still a great potential for further technological modernization in this sector. 2. 近年来，对于分子生物学、植物遗传学、生物化学以及相关领域的前沿研究，中国政府给予了高度的优先权，这样能够增加农作物和牲畜产量。 In recent years the Chinese government has also given high priority to advanced research in molecular biology, plant genetics, biotechnology, and related fields, which is aimed at increasing crop yielding and livestock productivity. 3. 未来的几十年，科技肯定是中国食品保障的重要因素之一。中国人口必然增长，经济会持续发展，而在庄稼用地和水资源方面受到严重制约，因此，除了实现农业现代化，别无它法。 Science and technology will certainly be among the key factors in China’s food secutiry during the next few decades with China’s inevitable population growth, its likely economic development, and its serious constraints in cropland and water, the country has no other choice than to modernize its agricultural sector. 4. 过去20年里，如果没有农业技术的现代化，中国不可能解决现在13亿人口的吃饭问题。尤其是推广了高产水稻，扩大了灌溉面积，大大增加了（氮）化肥和杀虫剂的用量，使得农作物产量大幅度提高。 Without the modernization of agricultural technology of the past two decades, China would not be able to feed its current population of 1.3 billion. In particular, the introduction of high-yield rice in combination with expanded irrigation and a massive increase in the use of (nitrogen) fertilizers and pesticides has signif