近代分析实验原理：第二课-晶体结构2.pptVIP

石英，SiO2单晶，晶体结构：α-石英属三方晶系,P312；β-石英属六方晶系,P622 宏观对称性的7个晶系----------晶体点阵的14个布拉菲格子------------32个点群。 对于二维晶体，则是5个平面点阵--------10个平面点群-------------17个平面群。 * 螺旋轴，被n除的余数。 * A,B,C表示和a，b，c对应的晶面 For example, a space group derived from a primitive hexagonal Bravais lattice is prefixed by the letter symbol P, for primitive, not H, which means a centred hexagonal lattice. Note that there are two ways of describing a trigonal lattice. The simplest is in terms of a primitive cell with rhombohedral axes. As with all primitive lattices, there is only one lattice point associated with the unit cell. However, a more convenient description of a trigonal structure can often be made by using a hexagonal unit cell. When this option is chosen, the coordinates of the lattice points in the unit cell can be specified in two equivalent ways, the obverse setting or the reverse setting. * For example, the unique axis in the monoclinic system is conventionally taken as the b-axis. The short symbol for the monoclinic space group number 3 is P2. Using the conventional axes, this means that the symmetry element of most significance is a diad along the b-axis. To make this clear, the full symbol is P121. If the unique axis is taken as the c-axis, the full symbol would be P112, but the short symbol remains P2. * Symmetry elements are placed at the corners or along the edges of the unit cell whenever possible. * Space group diagrams for space group No 74, P4: (a) symmetry elements; (b) positions of motif generated by symmetry operations; (c) asymmetric Unit。 A space group is generally represented by two figures, one that shows the effect of the operation of the symmetry elements present and one that shows the location of the various symmetry elements. In some space groups, it is possible to choose between several different origins for the diagrams, in which case both alternatives are presented. This is not unique, and several alternative asymmetric units can be found for a unit cell, but it is clear that