医学专业英语课件15.pptxVIP

Making babies: Genetically Correct Zhi Hua Ran The department of Gastroenterology Ren Ji Hospital 2021/7/11 1 A Glossary of Genetics Terms Gene: basic unit of inheritance for all living organisms Genome: Genetic endowment of a species Gene mapping: Determining location of genes on chromosome Gene sequencing: Determining identity of genes from the distinctive order (sequence) of base pairs, such as A-T and G-C Chromosome: Threadlike structure in the nuclei of plant and animal cells; it carries the linearly arranged genetic units (genes) 2021/7/11 2 A Glossary of Genetics Terms Nucleic acid: Large, chainlike molecule of phosphric acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases Marker: Gene with a known location on a chromosome Template: Macromolecular model for another macromolecule, as in the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template Transgenic: Organism, such as a mouse, containing experimentally transferred genetic material from another organism, such as mammal Mutation: Abrupt change in the genotype of an organism that is not the result of recombination 2021/7/11 3 A Glossary of Genetics Terms Recombination: Formation in offspring of genetic combinations not present in parents Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual Phenotype: The observable characters of an organism; the result of the way the genes are expressed Genetic defect: Pathological changes that occur by duplication, deletion or rearrangement of DNA Transcription: The process by which RNA is formed from DNA Nucleotide: The structural unit of nucleic acid 2021/7/11 4 A Glossary of Genetics Terms RT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Gene therapy: A technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development DNA microarray: An experimental tool for obtaining high-throughput gene expression data Stem cell: have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body. Serving as a sort of repair system for the body, th