转录和转录组学课件.ppt

转录和转录组学 Replication DNA Transcription Reverse Transcription Replication RNA Translation 中心法则 （ the central dogma ） Protein The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2006 to Roger D. Kornberg Stanford University, CA, USA for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription. Roger D. Kornberg , born 1947 (59) in St Louis, MO, USA (US citizen). PhD from Stanford University, CA, USA. Mrs. George A. Winzer Professor in Medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA. Original scientific articles Cramer, P., Bushnell, D.A. and Kornberg, R.D. (2001) Structural basis of transcription: RNA polymerase II at 2.8 ? ngstrom resolution. Science 292, 1863-1876. Gnatt, A.L., Cramer, P., Fu, J., Bushnell, D.A. and Kornberg, R.D. (2001) Structural basis of transcription: An RNA polymerase II elongation complex at 3.3 ? resolution. Science 292, 1876-1882. Bushnell, D.A., Westover, K.D., Davis, R.E. and Kornberg, R.D. (2004) Structural basis of transcription: An RNA polymerase II – TFIIB cocrystal at 4.5 angstroms. Science 303, 983- 988. Review article Boeger, H., Bushnell, D.A., Davis, R., Griesenbeck, J., Lorch, Y ., Strattan, J.S., Westover, K.D. and Kornberg, R.D. (2005). Structural basis of eukaryotic gene transcription. FEBS Lett. 579, 899-903. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid Severo Ochoa 1/2 of the prize USA New York University, College of Medicine New York, NY , USA b. 1905 (in Luarca, Spain) d. 1993 Arthur Kornberg 1/2 of the prize USA Stanford University b. 1918 Stanford, CA, USA 2006 年诺贝氏生理医学奖得主 Dr . Fire A and Dr Mello C 主要内容 一、核糖核酸的类型、结构和功能 二、 RNA 的合成 三、真核细胞转录后修饰 四、转录水平的基因表达调控 五、 RNA 分析 六、转录组学 一、核糖核酸的类型、结构和功能 1. 类型 ? 编码蛋白质：编码 RNA 和非编码 RNA ? 功能： rRNA, tRNA, mRNA ? 小 RNA (snRNA, snoRNA, scRNA) 2. 核糖核酸的结构和功能 4 种核苷糖以磷酸二酯键连接的长链 , A 、 U 、 C 、 G ；戊糖是核糖。 2.1 mRNA 2.