52 植物生理学 Phytochrome植物生理学.pdfVIP

Molecular Plant Review Article Phytochrome Signaling: Time to Tighten up the Loose Ends ABSTRACT Phytochromes are red and far-red light photoreceptors that play fundamental roles in controlling many as- pects of plant growth and development in response to light. The past two decades have witnessed the mechanistic elucidation of the action mode of phytochromes, including their regulation by external and endogenous factors and how they exert their function as transcriptional regulators. More importantly, recent advances have substantially deepened our understanding on the integration of the phytochrome- mediated signal into other cellular and developmental processes, such as elongation of hypocotyls, shoot branching, circadian clock, and flowering time, which often involves complex intercellular and interorgan signaling. Based on these advances, this review illustrates a blueprint of our current understanding of phytochrome signaling and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and also points out still open ques- tions that need to be addressed in the future. Key words: light regulation, light signaling, cell signaling, photomorphogenesis Wang H. and Wang H. (2015). Phytochrome Signaling: Time to Tighten up the Loose Ends. Mol. Plant. 8, 540–551. INTRODUCTION linear tetrapyrrole chromophore, phytochromobillin (PFB). Light triggers phytochrome holoproteins to interconvert between the In higher plants, phytochromes (phys, meaning ‘‘plant color’’) are R-absorbing form (Pr) and the FR-absorbing form (Pfr), which the major photoreceptors for per