考研资料北京大学细胞生物学细胞分化与基因表达调控.pptxVIP

会计学;The four essential processes by which a multicellular organism is made: Cell proliferation, Cell specialization, Cell interaction, and Cell movement.;Cell differentiation occurs in multicellular organisms;2. Why a fertilized egg can develop into different cells: Gene differentiated express ;3. Combinational control and Gene differentiated express pp.416: 12-1: 2n (n=3, A,B,C);4. House-keeping genes and luxury genes;5. Transdifferentiation: From one type of cell into another type;Cell totipotency (细胞全能性);2. Animal cloning—;Dolly: A lamb with no father ;克隆能给人类带来什么？;Stem cell and its differentiation potential;2. Where to get the stem cells?;(2) Adult stem cells;(3) Umbilical cord blood stem cells ;3. Types of stem cells: differentiation potential;(2) Pluripotent stem cells;第17页/共45页;(3) Embryonic stem cells;Two ways for a stem cell to produce daughters with different fates;4.Why do researchers study stem cells ?;5. Stem cell plasticity;Production of differentiated cells from mouse ES cells in culture.;Stem cells migrate to sites of organ damage and differentiate to cell types competent to participate in tissue regeneration.;Regeneration of new tissues from our own cells will not be far behind Science, December 6, 2002: 1901;Cancer:  Cells proliferate uncontrollably;Benign tumor;1. The biology characteristics of cancer;(3) Less well differentiated than normal cells or benign tumor cells;(5) Lose Contact inhibition in vitro ;2. The causes of cancer;3. Caner: As a result of the accumulation of mutation and natural selection;?癌基因（oncogenes）：v-onc and c-onc 抑癌基因（tumor-suppressor gene）Rb p53 特 点 原癌基因 抑癌基因 基因属性 细胞增殖必需 细胞分化必需 致癌方式 基因突变激活、异常表达 基因缺失或失活 ;1976年发现，正常鸡细胞核DNA中，具有与V-onc的同源序列，称正常细胞中的同源序列为原癌基因（protooncogene）,或C-oncogene. v-onc和c-onc的关系：c-onc来自v-onc. 理由如下: 1、v-onc对病毒复制和生存都是不必要的；而c-onc对细胞重要功能和活动不可缺少；提示c-onc是进化中保存下来的细胞重