中西成语谚语文化内涵比较.pptxVIP

中西成语谚语文化内涵比较汉英成语在修辞手法、语义特征以及文化内涵上也有较大差异: 汉语成语除一小部分就是语义完整得以外,大部分语义就是不完整得; 英语基本上都不完整。 汉英成语很多时候平铺直叙,语义直白,不采用任何修辞手法;但就是有些时候采用明喻、暗喻、借喻、提喻以及比拟、拟人等修辞手法,语义相对隐晦含蓄,蕴含较为丰富得文化内涵。 汉语与英语成语就语义特征与文化内涵进行比较时,有四种情况值得注意: 一)相同或相似得喻指却采用不同得喻体;二)相同或相似得喻体却表达不同得喻指;三)修辞缺位现象; 四)就是汉语与英语在表达同一个喻指即寓意时并不一定都采用同一种修辞手段或表达方式:有时汉语采用明喻,与之对应得英语却用得暗喻或直述等等。 vehicle 喻体 reference / referent 喻指(1)喻体与喻指(即字面与寓意)相同或相似 汉语: 英语: 冷若冰霜 as cold as ice／in an icy manner 安如磐石 as steady as a rock 轻如鸿毛 as light as a feather 如坐针毡 be on pins and needles 随波逐流 go with the tide 乱七八糟 at sixes and sevens 鱼目混珠 pass fish eyes for pearls命悬一线 hang by a hair／thread火上浇油 add fuel to the fire／flames浑水摸鱼 fish in troubled waters(使)毛发倒竖／毛骨悚然 make sb、’s hair stand on the end以眼还眼,以牙还牙 an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth(2)喻体只有部分相同而喻指相同或相似: 汉语: 英语: 如胶似漆 stick to a person like glue 铁石心肠 a heart of stone 晴天霹雳 a bolt from the blue 热锅上蚂蚁 (have) ants in the pants 大海捞针 (search for) a needle in a haystack(3)喻体不同、喻指相同或相似: 汉语: 英语:健壮如牛 as strong as a horse狼吞虎咽 eat like a horse如坐针毡／热锅上蚂蚁 like a cat on hot bricks一贫如洗 as poor as a church mouse易如反掌 like a knife through butter热情似火 as keen as mustard味同嚼蜡 as dry as sawdust鸦雀无声／守口如瓶 as still／silent as a grave冰清玉洁 as clean／pure as the driven snow猫哭老鼠 shed crocodile tears胆小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit画蛇添足 gild the lily水中捞月 fish in the air如履薄冰 tread／walk upon eggs鸠占鹊巢 be a dog in the manger一箭之遥 a stone’s throw一箭双雕 kill two birds with one stone缘木求鱼 get blood from／out of a stone【English idioms include: colloquialism, catch phrases, slang expressions, set phrases (phrasal verbs), proverbs 】山穷水尽／黔驴技穷 be at the end of one’s rope落井下石 twist／turn the knife in the wound进退维谷 between the devil and the deep blue sea班门弄斧 teach one’s grand mother how to suck eggs大家应该也有点累了,稍作休息大家有疑问得,可以询问与交流(4)喻体相同或相似,喻指不同 汉语 光阴似箭(喻指“快速”) ;缘木求鱼(喻指“方法不 对而达不到目得”) ;胆小如鼠(喻指“胆小”) 英语:as straight as an arrow (喻指“直”) a