西北旱地小麦全生物降解地膜与秸秆周年覆盖免耕栽培技术.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 西北旱地小麦全生物降解地膜与秸秆周年覆盖免耕栽培技术 西北旱地小麦全生物降解地膜与秸秆周年覆盖免耕栽培技术1463〔2021〕04-0043-04Abstract：A single-factor random group was used to conduct multi-point product ratio test on 11 alcoholic sweet sorghum cultivars introduced， and the productivity， stability， adaptability， sugar brix and sugar yield of each cultivar were compared and analyzed in the three locations of Gulang County， Minqin County and Liangzhou District， Wuwei City， Gansu Province. The results showed that the cultivar with the best yield in the three test sites was Kewo 5， which reached to 114 989.85 kg/hm2; Its classified to high and stable yield cultivar， and suitable to be grown in Gulang and Minqin County. The second， SF83003， which reachd to 103 192.50 kg/hm2， its classified to high and stable yield cultivar， and suitable to be grown in Liangzhou District， Minqin County and Gulang County. The third was N32F2026， which reachd to 103 130.85 kg/hm2; its classified to high-yield and stable-yield cultivar， and suitable to be grown in Liangzhou District and Gulang County. Considering the yield， productivity， stability， adaptability， sugar brix， sugar yield and comprehensive performance in the field， the four best cultivars in Wuwei were Kewo 5， SF83003， N32F2026 and Liaotian 3. It is suggested that these four sweet sorghum cultivars be planted on a large area in Liangzhou District， Minqin County and Gulang County of Wuwei City.Key words：Sweet sorghum;Yield;Cultivars comparison;Evaluation小麥是西北旱作区主要的粮食作物，也是重要的口粮作物，关系到区域粮食安全。西北旱作区作为粮食生产新的增长极，在保障区域粮食自给和粮食安全方面承当着重要作用。近年来，在小麦全膜覆土穴播栽培技术推动下，该区域旱地小麦产量较常规种植模式提高了40%～220%，取得了突破性进展[1 - 3 ]，以此为基础形成的旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播免耕栽培技术增产增效显著，得到了大面积推广应用[4 ]。但是，地膜覆盖技术在大幅度提高农作物产量的同时也造成了一系列土壤危害[5 ]，尤其是免耕栽培后残膜更加难以捡拾，严峻限制了旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播栽培技术的进一步进展。而全生物降解地膜的开发应用为解决残膜污染问题提供了新的途径，它是以PBAT〔聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯〕、PLA〔聚乳酸〕、PBS〔聚丁二酸丁二醇酯〕等聚酯类物质为原料制成的地膜，在一段时间内可通过微生物作用完全降解为二氧化碳和水，能做到完全降解及无污染物残留[6 - 7 ]。另外，有讨论说明，长期地膜覆盖降低了土壤有机碳含量[8 - 9 ]，而长期秸秆覆盖会提高土壤有机碳含量[9 - 11 ]，秸秆还田协作覆膜不仅提高了作物产量，而且显著增加了土壤颗粒有机碳、轻组有机碳和微生物