文体学五种文体.pptx

会计学 1 文体学五种文体 Introduction Definition Features Example 第1页/共14页 Introduction Martin Joos’ classification of degrees of formality in his book The Five Clocks(1962) is of five levels:frozen,formal, consultative,casual and intimate. 第2页/共14页 Frozen style Definition:Frozen style is used by professional speakers for public purposes,such as legal documents regulations,formal ceremonies. Features: A.Fixed form and stucture as if frozen. B.Often used on hightly significant occasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,court of law. C.Archaic words,formal and big expressions,long and complex sentences. 第3页/共14页 Example We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness…… ——Declaration of Independence 第4页/共14页 Formal style Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports. Features: A.Tightly structured and well-planned,no fragments,no repetition and second thought. B.Vocabulary technical,varied consciously. C.Clear and careful pronunciation. D.Different sentence structures. 第5页/共14页 Example Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China. ——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University 第6页/共14页 Consultative style Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet. Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal ord