通信原理英文版.pptxVIP

通信原理英文版;Chapter 1 Introduction 1、1 Historical Review of munication Origin of ancient munication Two modes of munication Development of modern munication ;1、2 Message, information signal Message:speech, letters, figures, images… Information:effective content of message、 Different types of messages may contain the same information Signal:the carrier of message What transmitted in a munication system is signal、 ;Measurement of information: # “quantity of message” ? information content # Ex: “Rainfall will be 1 mm tomorrow” – information content small “Rainfall will be 1 m tomorrow” – information content large “The sun will rise in the east tomorrow morning” – information content equals zero # Information content I = I [ P(x) ],P(x) – Occurrence probability # Definition:I = loga [1/P(x)] = -logaP(x) # Usually, set a = 2, the unit of the information content will be called a bit、 # For an equal probability binary symbol: I = log2 [1/P(x)] = log2 [1/(1/2)] = 1 bit;# For an equal probability M-ary symbol: I = log2 [1/P(x)] = log2 [1/(1/M)] = log2 M bit If M = 2k ,then I = k bit;1、3 Digital munication 1、3、1 Basic concept Two categories of signals ? Analog signal:Its voltage or current can be expressed by a continuous function of time、 For example, speech signal、 ? Digital signal: Its voltage or current can only take finite number of discrete values、 For example, digital puter data signal、;Analog Signal Digital Signal;Two kinds of munication systems ? Analog munication system Requirement － High fidelity Criterion － Signal to noise ratio Basic issue － parameter estimation ? Digital munication system Requirement － correct decision Criterion － Error probability Basic issur － statistical decision theory;1、3、2 Advantages of Digital munication Finite number of possible values of signals Correct decision may be achieved;Error correcting techniques can be used、 Digital encryption can be used、