托福阅读真题（含答案）20140524Reading（词句整理）.docxVIP

PAGE 9 Impacts and Mass Extinctions Words Phrases Meteorites and impact craters bear witness to the fact that large impacts occasionally occur on Earth. Meteorite：n. 陨石 impact craters：撞击形成的陨石坑 crater：n. 陨石坑 bear witness to：作证，见证 impactor roughly 50 meters across：直径大约50米的撞击物 across：某物的宽，直径=diameter radius: n. 半径 a major impact coincided with the death of the dinosaurs：一个大的撞击和恐龙的灭绝恰巧同时发生 coincide with: 与…恰巧同时发生 instantly melt bedrock and propel it far from its origin：立即熔化基底岩石并且推出基底岩石远离它的最初位置 bedrock：n. 基底岩石 propel：v. 向前推出 far from its origin：远离它的最初位置 wiped out：被一扫而空，灭绝 ignited wildfires：点燃野火 effects propagated throughout the food chain：影响蔓延下去贯穿整个食物链 propagate: v. 原义是“繁殖”，引申为“扩展蔓延”=spread 表示繁殖的词总结如下： Propagate=proliferate=reproduce=multiply the most astonishing fact：最令人吃惊的事实 rodent-like mammals：像啮齿类的哺乳动物 they lived in underground burrows and managed to store enough food to outlast the long spell of cold, dark days underground burrows：地下的洞穴 outlast：v. 比…时间持续的久 spell: n. 一段时间 Syntax Although the crater is only slightly more than one kilometer across, an area covering hundreds of square kilometers was probably battered by the blast and ejecta—the debris ejected or displaced during the formation of an impact crater. 名词后面+doing，doing是对名词的修饰 所以，“an area covering hundreds of square kilometers”的意思是：覆盖着成百上千平方千米的一个区域 Batter：v. 连续猛击 Blast：n. 爆炸 ejecta：n. 喷出物 debris：n. 碎屑残骸 After a decade-long search, scientists identified what appears to be the impact crater from the event. What引出的整句话做identify的宾语，what任何情况下翻译成“什么”即可 impact crater：撞击坑 Located off the coast of Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula, it is 200 kilometers across, which is close to what one would expect for a 10-kilometer impactor, and dates to 65 million years ago. 1）主语出现前的所有东西都是对主语的铺垫修饰，所以“Located off…”是对后文it的铺垫修饰；2）What引出的整句话做close to的宾语，what任何情况下翻译成“什么”即可；3）one 做主语指“任何一个人”，以“任何一个人”代替整体；4）and dates 并列对象的寻找，应该是和前面的第三人称单数的谓语动词并列，所以和前文的“is 200…”并列，指的仍是主语it “dates to 65 million years ago” Further evidence that the Yucatan crat