水工建筑物课件-ConcreteGravityDam.pptVIP

Other temperature control methods Use of shallow placement lift Use of water curing Use of retarding agent Joints Joints are used to limit the size of concrete placement so that tensile stresses which occur as a result of temperature changes will not cause cracking. They are also used to limit the size of placement to facilitate construction. Location of contraction joints Seal transverse joint Slipformed monoliths and cooling slots Gaps between buttress monoliths Heat evolution of cements Adiabatic temperature rise An adiabatic system is a system in which heat is neither allowed to enter or leave. A rise in temperature Chemistry of the cement The quantity of cement in the mix The dimensions of the pour Conditions of exposure Adiabatic temperature rise in mass concrete Additives Various additives are used to modify the properties of concrete. Possibly of principal interest is the stiffening and setting time. Retarders: Accelerators: Expansive cement: Aggregate Fine aggregate: aggregate of which not less than 90 percent passes the 4.75mm test sieve. Coarse aggregate: aggregate of which not less than 90 percent retained on the 4.75mm test sieve. M.S.A Physical properties of concrete Durability Permeability Shrinkage Coefficient of thermal expansion Creep Autogenous healing Durability and permeability Durability of concrete is usually determined by the number of cycles of freezing and thawing that a standard sample of concrete can survive before it has lost 25 percent of its original weight. The permeability of concrete depends mainly upon the number of continuous capillary channels through which water can leak. Shrinkage Autogenous shrinkage is the volume change brought about by the chemical reaction. This autogenous shrinkage continues at a decreasing rate so long as hydration continues. (over a period of 28 years) Drying shrinkage is affected by many factors such as water content, aggregate composition and duration of initial curing. Coefficient of thermal ex