大学英语语法应用教程.pptxVIP

第一节 简单句和并列句(Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences)第二节 复合句(Complex Sentences)第三节 肯定句与否定句(Affirmative Sentences and NegativeSentences)第四节 反意疑问句(Tag Questions)第五节 倒装句(Inversion)第六节 强调句(Emphasis) 第一节 简单句和并列句(Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences) 一、简单句1．定义简单句即句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构。2．简单句的五种基本句型(1) 主语?+?谓语。Everybody laughed.Yellow leaves are falling in the chilly wind.(2) 主语?+?谓语?+?宾语。He studies English.Tom likes music very much.(3) 主语?+?系动词?+?表语。She seems satisfied with the new job.He looks happy.(4) 主语?+?谓语?+?宾语?+?补语。Tom painted the bamboo fence green.I found the book interesting. (5) 主语?+?谓语?+?间接宾语?+?直接宾语。The teacher set us a lot of homework.I send her a bunch of flowers.3．简单句五类句型分析(1) 简单句第一类句型——主语?+?不及物动词。这类句型中，谓语由不及物动词担当。不及物动词，顾名思义，它所表示的动作没有作用对象，本身意思完整，不需要带宾语。Everybody laughed.The baby and his mother are sleeping.The guests havent arrived.Prices are going down.(2) 简单句第二类句型——主语?+?及物动词?+?宾语。英语中大多数动词都是及物动词，及物动词是必须带有宾语的。这种动词告诉我们，由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是什么，作用的对象我们称之为宾语。宾语后也通常接副词或介词短语作状语。结构上表现为：主语?+?谓语?+?宾语?+?状语。He passed the exam easily.Have you ordered your meal? (3) 简单句第三类句型——主语?+?系动词?+?表语。系动词又叫连系动词，只是起连接主语和后面成分的作用，本身没有具体的动作。系动词后面的成分叫表语，是用来补充说明主语的，因此又叫主语补足语。The essay is difficult.“How are you?” “Im fine.”(4) 简单句第四类句型——主语?+?双宾动词?+?间接宾语?+?直接宾语。间接宾语和直接宾语合起来叫双宾语。双宾动词后所接成分有人又有物，一般人是动作的接受者，称做间接宾语；物是动作的承受者，称做直接宾语。Mary lent me her bike.I will buy you a meal.(5) 简单句第五类句型——主语?+?宾补动词(及物动词)?+?宾语?+?宾语补足语。宾补动词后面接宾语，而此宾语后又接补充说明宾语的补足语，补充前面的宾语。宾语和宾语补足语合起来叫做复合宾语。比如，我们只说：She pushed the door. (她推了门。)，这句话意思显然不完整。于是，我们可以对door 补充一下，说成：She pushed the door open. (她把门推开了。)，这样句意才完整。作补语的词通常有形容词、名词、介词短语、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词，它们和宾语一起构成复合宾语。The noise was driving him crazy. (形容词作宾补) They called their daughter Mary. (名词作宾补)He put his book in order. (介词短语作宾补)I wish you to be happy. (不定式作宾补)They declared the war over. (副词作宾补)Did you notice him come in. (不带to的不定式作宾补)The lecture soon got us thinking. (现在分词作宾补)He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)4．关于there?+?be句型there?+?be形式的句子中，既不知道谁是听说者，也没有特别指定