【微观经济学】第四章.ppt

In each case, there are only three possible answers: - The curve shifts to the right - The curve shifts to the left - The curve does not shift (though there may be a movement along the curve) Point out to your students that there are no numbers or units on either axis, and we are using “P1” and “Q1” to represent the initial price and quantity, rather than specific numerical values. Tell them that this is common, because in much economic analysis, the goal is only to see the direction of changes, not specific amounts. (Besides, if we put numbers on this graph, they’d just have been made up, so why bother?) Also point out the following: The price of music downloads is the same, but the quantity demanded is now higher. In fact, this is the nature of a shift in a curve: at any given price, the quantity is different than before. * Supply comes from the behavior of sellers. * 29 * 29 * Again, the assumption of only two sellers is a clear violation of perfect competition. However, it’s much easier for students to learn how the market supply curve relates to individual supplies in the two-seller case. * “Non-price determinants of supply” simply means the things – other than the price of a good – that determine sellers’ supply of the good. * 30 * 30 “Tax return preparation software” means programs like TurboTax by Quicken and TaxCut by HR Block. * 36 * 30 * 30 * 17 * 19 * 37 * 22 * 24 * 25 54 58 59 63 * Step one requires knowing all of the things that can shift D and S – the non-price determinants of demand and of supply. * 46 * 46 * “Supply” refers to the position of the supply curve, while “quantity supplied” refers to the specific amount that producers are willing and able to sell. Similarly, “demand” refers to the position of the demand curve, while “quantity demanded” refers to the specific amount that consumers are willing and able to buy. If you’d like to be a rebel, delete this slide and all references to the jargon it contains, and just use th