外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit5_Revealing_nature语法-精讲破练习.docxVIP

PAGE6 / NUMPAGES6 Unit5 Revealing nature 语法-精讲破 过去完成时态 观察1 ① Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当他到达派对时，大多数客人已经离开了。 ② I received the sad news that he had been killed in a motorcycle accident. 我收到了这个不幸的消息，他已在一场摩托车事故中丧生了。 ③ When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时，他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。 ④ By the time we arrived, everyone had received medical care. 当我们到达时，每个人都已得到了医疗照顾。 ⑤ I had reached the station before six o’clock yesterday. 我昨天六点钟之前就到了车站。 ⑥ We realized we had lost our way. 我们意识到我们迷路了。 ⑦ I had meant to take a good holiday this year，but I was not able to leave. 我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我脱不开身。 归纳1 (1)由①②可知，过去完成时态的基本结构是 ① ；其被动语态为 ② 。 (2)由①③④⑤可知，过去完成时是以过去某一时间为起点，所以它是一个相对的时态，表示的是 ③ 。只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到它。 (3)由③可知，过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前 发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去，常与 ④ 、since等词连用。 (4)由③⑥可知，过去完成时多用于 ⑤ 中。一般说来，主句中用了know (知道）、realize (意识到）、think (认为）、guess (猜测）、find (找到）、discover (发现）、decide (决定）、remember(回想起）、forget(忘记）等动词的过去式，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用 ⑥ 。 (5)由⑦可知，过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的 ⑦ ，只适用于下列动词：expect (期待）、hope (希望）、intend (打算）、mean (打算）、suppose (料想）等。 观察2 ① I had no sooner returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and lived there. =No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and lived there. 我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。 ② He had hardly arrived at the office when the meeting began. =Hardly had he arrived at the office when the meeting began. 他刚到办公室，会议就开始了。 ③She didn’t feel a bit nervous though it was the first time she had spoken in public. 她虽是第一次当众讲话，却一点儿都不觉得紧张。 ④I wish I had gone with you to the concert yesterday. 我希望昨天和你一起去了音乐会。 ⑤If she had seen you yesterday, she would have told you the truth. 要是她昨天见到了你，她就会告诉你真相了。 归纳2 (1)由①②可知，“主句主语+ had no sooner done... ⑧ +从句主语+did...”与“主句主语+had hardly done... ⑨+从句主语+ did...”为固定句式，表示“一……就 ”。如果hardly/no sooner位于句子开头，主句要 ⑩ 。 (2)由③可知 It/This/That ? the +序数词 + time + (that) +主语+had done为表示过去完成时的句型。 (3)由④可知wish后面的宾语从句表示与过去事实相