跨文化交际案例-集体主义文化和个人主义文化.pptxVIP

Cross-cultural CommunicationChapter 12第一页，共十八页。 Taking Cultural Values to Work Large and small Power DistanceIndividualism VS CollectivismMasculinity VS FemininityStrong and weak Uncertainty Avoidance第二页，共十八页。 Key Words Studycollectivistic culture集体主义文化 individualistic culture个人主义文化 relation关系independence独立 equality平等personal interest个人利益第三页，共十八页。 Individualist CulturePK Collectivist Culture 第四页，共十八页。 PK 1Individualist Culture (liberalism): individuals tend to define themselves by the extent to which they are different from, rather than similar to other. People are encouraged to display self-confidence and Assertiveness(自信), disclosure（披露） of personal thoughts and feelings. Collectivist culture (Confucianism): places little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. Going ones own way is not valued; uniformity and conformity are stressed.第五页，共十八页。 PK 2IndividualismCollectivismI cultureWE cultureopen discussion of disagreement are valued forms of talkopenly speaking one’s mind appears distastefulseek the notice of others; affirm their uniquenessopen expression risks faceguarding privacy; valuing freedom to do and think whatever they choosethe right to privacy in the sense of freedom is not recognizedlive life guided only by principles such as equality and noninterferenceone’s business is also the business of the group; friends should be concerned with each other’s personal matters第六页，共十八页。 Five Basic Themes in Individualist Culture1. There is a tendency for foreigners to treat strangers as equals, seen in the politeness with which foreigners treat out-group members and their willingness to follow public rules and laws that guarantee the rights of all. 2. There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners needs for their own privacy and autonomy and in the freedom they give to children. 3. There is a lack of inhibition (压抑) on the part of foreigners in terms of expressive behaviors, seen in their lack of conce