肿瘤课件英文.pptVIP

Genes that regulate apoptosis  A series of three letter words beginning with a b, (bcl-2, bcl-x, bax, bag, and bad).  The overexpressed bcl-2 protects tumor cells from apoptosis and allows them to survive for prolonged periods. bax opposes bcl-2 action and hence accelerates cell death. Etilology of cancer:carcinogenic agents  Genetic damage lies at the heart of carcinoge-nesis. Three classes of carcinogenic agents can be identified: chemicals, radiant energy, and onco-genic viruses. Chemical carcinogensIndustry Tumor Chemical responsibleAniline dyes Bladder cancer NaphthylamineMineral oil Skin cancers Benzpyrene and other  and tar hydrocabonsPlastics Angiosarcoma Vinyl chloride  of liver monomerInsulation Mesothelioma Asbestos(carcinogenic activity depends on the  physical configuration  of the fibers Chemical carcinogenesis is a multistep process of long duration: (1)Initiation:  Application of Benzpyrene  Skin appears normal but  Normal skin important changes have  occurred in the cell DNA (2)Promotion: co-carcinogens  Papilloma formation dyspalsia (3)Appearance of malignant tumor  Breech of basement membrane invasion Radiation carcinogenesis The ionizing activity of X-rays and atomic radiations produce many changes in the nuclear DNA ranging from chromosome breakage, translocations to point mutations. New clones of mutant cells arise which may produce tumor growth.