内容ni官方培训labview rf lesson3b.pptxVIP

Lesson 3B: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Optional) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) OverviewOFDM in 802.11a and 802.11gOFDM and Orthogonal CarriersOFDM Frequency Spectrum vs. Time DomainOFDM and EVM Multiplication in Time Domain – Convolu in Frequency Domain*f1…… xTime DomainFrequency Domain 1/TFFT bin spacing is 1/TThe FFT of Sinusoid Convolved with Rectangle*f1 A. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Overview OFDM was invented in 1970 as a multicarrier modulation. OFDM grew in popularity after real-time FFT was possible (because very fast processors were needed). High-rate data is achieved by sharing parallel low-rate modulators. Carrier spacing is chosen to avoid adjacent carrier interference (orthogonality):Data is coded, time and frequency interleaved for protection.Resilient to multipath fading and narrowband 802.11a and 802.11g have the same structure, so OFDM can be used in both standards.Multicarrier signaling format:Each of the 52 orthogonal carriers has a low symbol rate.The sand-castle shape is the aggregate response of 52 closely spaced, modulated carriers.B. OFDM in 802.11a and 802.11g OFDM ExamplePowerFrequenc y OFDM Advantages Modulation type (BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM or 64-QAM) is dependent on data rate (6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36,48, and 54 Mbps). OFDM increases efficiency because carrier spacing is reduced (orthogonal carriers overlap).Equalization is simplified. Data transfer rate can be scaled to conditions. OFDM DisadvantagesHigher peak to average power ratio (PAPR):Stresses the power amplifier more than other systemsAmplifier must be very linearGreater sensitivity to phase noiseCarriers are closely spaced; any noise (jitter) makes it more difficult for the receiver to separate carriers into their proper locationsRequires very clean (low phase noise) clock and LOMore expensive transmitters and receiversSystems required to be backwards compatible (tri- band chips with 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g in a