复旦西方社会思想史课件11 Symbolic Interactionism.pptxVIP

 Symbolic Interactionism ??? ContentCooley: Looking-glass self and social selfThomas: the definition of the situationMead: play, game and the generalized otherReferences for Erving Goffman Cooley: Looking-Glass SelfA social self might be called the reflected or looking-glass self: each to each a looking-glass, reflects the other that doth pass.As we see our face, figure, and dress in the glass, and are interested in them because they are ours, and pleased or otherwise with them according as they do or do not answer to what we should like them to be; so in imagination we perceive in another’s mind some thought of our appearance, manners, aims, deeds, character, friends, and so on, and are variously affected by it. Three Principal Elements of Self-IdeaThe imagination of our appearance to the other person;The imagination of his judgment of that appearance and some sort of self-feeling, such as pride or mortification Thomas: Definition of the SituationThe higher animals, and above all man, have the power of refusing to obey a stimulation which they followed at an earlier time. Response to the earlier stimulation may have had painful consequences and so the rule or habit in this situation is changed. We call this ability the power of inhibition, and it is dependent on the fact that the nervous system carries memories or records of past experiences. At this point the determination of action no longer comes exclusively from outside sources but is located within the organism itself. Preliminary to any self-determined act of behavior there is always a stage of examination and deliberation which we may call the definition of the situation. And actually not only concrete acts are dependent on the definition of the situation, but gradually a whole life-polity and the personality of the individual himself follow from a series of such definitions. Mead: Play, the Game, and the Generalized otherThe fundamental difference between the game and play i