复旦西方社会思想史课件13 Structural Functionalism.pptxVIP

 Structural Functionalism ??? ContentParsons: Functional Imperatives , Structure of the General Action System and Pattern VariablesMerton: Clarifying functional analysis, Dysfunctions, and Manifest and Latent functions. The debate between “consensus theories and conflict theoriesConsensus theories see shared norms and values as fundamental to society ,focus on social order based on tacit agreements, and view social change as occurring in a slow and orderly fashion. In contrast, conflict theories emphasize the dominance of some social groups by others, see social order as based on manipulation and control by dominant groups, and view social change as occurring rapidly and in a disorderly fashion as subordinate groups overthrow dominant groups.Representatives of the debate: Marx and Comte, Simmel and Durkheim, Dahrendorf and Parsons. Function and functional imperativesFunction A function is a complex of activities directed towards meeting a need or needs of the systemFunctional imperatives There are four functional imperatives that are necessary for all systems—adaptation(A), goal attainment(G), integration(I), and latency(L),or pattern maintenance. A set of assumptions of Structural functionalismSystems have the property of order and interdependence of partsSystem tend toward self-maintaining order, or equilibrium.The system may be static or involved in an ordered process of change.The nature of one part of the system has an impact on the form that the other state of equilibrium of system.Systems maintain boundaries with environments.Allocation and integration are two fundamental processes necessary for a given state of equilibrium of a system.System tend toward self-maintenance involving the maintenance of boundaries and of the relationship of parts to the whole, control of environmental variations, and control of tendencies to change the system. Structure of the General Action SystemLCultural System I Social Sy