复旦西方社会思想史课件12 Phenomenological Sociology.pptVIP

Key points of Ethnomethodology Contingency Situated Indexity Accountability and reflexivity Points of Ethnomethodology Ethnomethodologists do not focus on actors or individuals, but rather on “members”. However, members are viewed not as individuals, but rather “strictly and solely, as membership activities- the artful practices whereby they produce what are for them large-scale organization structure and small-scale interactional or personal structure. One of Garfinkel’s key points about ethnomethods is that they are “reflexively accountable.” Accounts are the ways in which actors explain (describe, criticize, and idealize) specific situations . Accounting is the process by which people offer accounts in order to make sense of the world. Ethnomethodologists devote a lot of attention to analyzing people’s accounts, as well as to the ways in which accounts are offered and accepted (or rejected) by others. Breaching experiments In breaching experiments, social reality is violated in order to shed light on the methods by which people construct social reality. The assumption behind this research is not only that the methodical production of social life occurs all the time but also that the participants are unaware that they are engaging in such actions. The objective of the breaching experiments is to disrupt normal procedures so that the process by which the everyday world is constructed or reconstructed can be observed and studied. Indexical expression 1) Whenever a member is required to demonstrate that an account analyzes an actual situation, he invariably makes use to the practices of “et cetera,” “unless,” and “let it pass” to demonstrate the rationality of his achievement. 2)The definite and sensible character of the matter that is being reported is settled by an assignment that reporter and auditor make to each other that each will have furnished whatever unstated understandings are required. Much therefore of what is actually reported is not mentioned. 3) Over