翻译学导论期末考试术语解释.docxVIP

word. word. word-for-word/literal translation and sense-for-sense/free translation it refers to the replacement of each individual word of the ST with its closest grammatical equivalent in target language. It swings towards yiyi. This method consisted of translating “sense-for-sense” creating fluent target texts which conveyed the meaning of the original without distorting the target language. metaphrase, paraphrase, imitation word by word and line by line’ translation, which corresponds to literal translation. translation with latitude, where the author is kept in view by the translator, so as never to be lost, but his words are not so strictly followed as his sense’. This involves changing whole phrases and more or less corresponds to faithful or sense-for-sense translation. ‘Forsaking’ both words and sense. This corresponds to Cowley’s very free translation and is more or less adaptation Formal equivalence and dynamic/functional equivalence Formal equivalence is keenly oriented towards the ST structure. Dynamic equivalence is based on ‘the principle of equivalent effect’, which means that ‘the relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and the message’. Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation 1) Semantic translation is the process of using semantic information to aid in the translation of data in one representation or data model to another representation or data model. 2) Communicative translation is freer, and gives priority to the effectiveness of the message to be communicated. documentary translation and instrumental translation Documentary translation ‘serves as a document of a SC communication between the author and the ST recipient Instrumental translation ‘serves as an independent message-transmitting instrument in a new communicative action in the TC, and is intended to fulfill its communicative purpose without the recipient being conscious of reading or heari