同等学力英语阅读理解练习及解析.docxVIP

WASHINGTON (AP--Anyone whos ever taken a preschooler to the doctor knows they often cry more before the shot than afterward. Now researchers using brain scans t unravel the biology of dread have an explanation:For some people, anticipating pain is truly as bad as experiencing it. How bad? Among people who volunteered to receive electric shocks, almost a third opted for a stronger zap if they could just get it over with, instead of having to wait importantly, the research found that how much attention the brain pays to expected pain determines whether someone is an extreme dreader --suggesting that simple diversions the misery. The research, published in the journal Science, is new field called neuroeconomics that uses brain imaging to try to understand how choices. Until now, most of that work has focused on reward, the things people will do outcomes. We were interested in the dark side of the Berns of Emory University, who led the new study. Dread often makes Standard economic theory says that people should outcomes for as long something might happen in the interim to In real life the just get it over with likely, said Berns, of psychiatry and beha sciences. He offers He usually pays credit card bills as soon as they arrive instead of waiting until it make any sense economically.So Berns a study to trace dread 32volunteers into an MRI machine while series of 96the foot. The shocks varied in intensity, from barely to pain of a needle Participants were how strong would and how long the wait for it would be, from 1to 27were given choices:Would they prefer a in 5seconds or 27about jolt in 20seconds vs. a sharp one in 3 was always chose the shortest wait. But those shock if it meant not havi to wait as that a brain that governs how much pain people feel became active shocked, the parts of this pain matrix that are linked to attention --involving fear and anxie The more dread bothered someone, the more the parts of the brain were paying to the wait. In that youre about