植物开花时间控制的分子机理.ppt

植物开花时间控制的分子机理Molecularmechanismofplantfloweringtimecontrol第十章基因和发育第二讲ByHongweiGuo,PekingUniversity,2008.12.18

TransitiontoreproductionVegetativephaseReproductivephase?Whentoflowerisamatterofthesurvivalofspecies

TwomajorpathwaysregulatingfloraltransitionPhotoperiodicflowering(光周期开花):day-lengthdependentfloweringtimecontrolVernalization(春化):cold-promotedflowering

(“MarylandMammoth”cultivaroftobacco)

FloralinductionofleavesofShortDayplantPerrilacrispa“Something”mustbeproducedinleavesand“move”tothemeristemLongjourneytoidentify“Florigen”began(LangandZeevart)

MultiplegraftingexperimentwithPerillaLongdistancetransport----thruvasculartissue

thefloweringsignalisgeneratedintheleafthesignalgoesoneway:fromtheleaftotheapexGraftingtransmittableThefloweringsignal:florigenvegetativeorreproductivegrowth?SAMFlorigenFlorigenFlorigen

PhotoperiodicfloweringTwoessentialquestions:1.Howdoestheleafmeasureday-length?2.Whatistheflorigen?

GeneticsprovidestheanswersArabidopsis:LongDayPlantFloweringisinducedbyLongDay(LD)Certainlatefloweringmutantsareblindtophotoperiodcryptochrome2(cry2)phytochromeA(phyA)contstans(co)floweringlocust(ft)Cry2:bluelightreceptorPhyA:Far-redlightreceptorCO:transcriptionalco-activatorFT:transcriptionalco-activator(?)

3wavelengths(Blue,Red,Far-red)areimportantinregulatingplantgrowthanddevelopment

Phytochromes(光敏色素）：Red/Far-redlightreceptorsCryptochromes(隐花色素）：BluelightreceptorsphyAalsoabsorbsbluelight

SignalTrans-duction

Lighthasadualroleinthismodel:-entrainsthecircadianoscillationoflight-anddark-sensitivephases-directlyrequiredfortheproductionofthesignal.(originallyproposedbyBoenning,1936)

PRR:photoperiodresponseregulator

PRR:photoperiodresponseregulator

COisessentialforphotoperiodicflowering,ascomutantislatefloweringandalmo