英语语言学语言学知识点省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件.pptxVIP

语言学知识点第1页I语言学导论II语言学主要分支学科III语言学流派和理论第2页I语言学导论1.designfeatureoflanguage（语言定义特征）2.LanguageFamilies(世界语言分类)3.importantdistinctionsinlinguistics(语言学研究中几对主要概念)4.scopeoflinguistics(语言学研究范围)第3页1.designfeatureoflanguage（语言定义特征)definingpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication第4页1.designfeatureoflanguage语言定义特征1)Arbitrariness（任意性）2)Duality(二层性)3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性)4)Displacement（移位性）5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性)第5页1）Arbitrariness(任意性):定义：theformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.举例：书,book,livre喜欢，like，aimer第6页2）Duality（二层性）:定义：thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevel.举例：Soundssyllableswordsphrasesclausessentencestexts/discourses第7页3）Creativity/Productivity（创造性）:定义：Languagecanbeusedtocreatenewmeaningsbecauseofitsduality举例1：/k/,/a:/,/p/----carporpark举例2：England,defeated,FranceEnglanddefeatedFrance.FrancedefeatedEngland.第8页4）Displacement（替换性）:定义：Humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizesomethingwhicharenotpresentatthemomentofcommunication.第9页5）CulturalTransmission（文化传递性）:定义：languageispassedonfromgenerationtogenerationthroughteachingandlearningratherthaninstinct.反例：印度狼孩第10页3.Designfeature定义特征1)Arbitrariness（任意性）2)Duality(二层性)3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性)4)Displacement（移位性）5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性)怎样记忆:五性，创意遗传第11页4.ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics(语言学研究中几对主要概念)1)descriptiveprescriptive2)synchronicdiachronic3)langueparole4)competenceperformance第12页1)Descriptive（描述性）vs.Prescriptive（要求性）Descriptive:describinghowthingsare.prescriptive:prescribinghowthingsoughttobe第13页ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics举例：DontsayX.PeopledontsayX.Thefirstisaprescriptivecommand,whilethesecondisadescriptivestatement.第14页2).Synchronic（共时性）vs.