语料库与翻译研究.ppt

RationalismvsEmpiricismThedifferenceofmethod,here,maybecharacterizedasfollows:?InLockeorHume,acomparativelymodestconclusionisdrawnfromabroadsurveyofmanyfacts,whereasinLeibnizavastedificeofdeductionispyramideduponapin-pointoflogicalprinciple.InLeibniz,iftheprincipleiscompletelytrueandthedeductionsareentirelyvalid,alliswell;butthestructureisunstable,andtheslightestflawanywherebringsitdowninruins.InLockeorHume,onthecontrary,thebaseofthepyramidisonthesolidgroundofobservedfact,andthepyramidtapersupward,notdownward;consequentlytheequilibriumisstable,andaflawhereortherecanberectifiedwithouttotaldisaster.在认识方法上，理性主义的“自明原则+演绎”方法与自然科学中的数学公理方法有密切联系；?经验主义的“经验+归纳”方法与自然科学中的观察实验方法有密切联系。A：?Hesitsinadeepsoftcomfortablearmchair,withhiseyesclosedandhishandsclaspedbehindhishead.Onceinawhileheopenshiseyes,sitsupabruptlyshouting,“Wow,whataneatfact!”,grabshispencil,andwritessomethingdown.(Fillmore1992)B:?Hehasalloftheprimaryfactsthatheneeds,intheformofacorpusofapproximatelyonezillionrunningwords,andheseeshisjobasthatofderivingsecondaryfactsfromhisprimaryfacts.Atthemomentheisbusydeterminingtherelativefrequenciesoftheelevenpartsofspeechasthefirstwordofasentenceversusasthesecondwordofasentence.(Fillmore1992)语言研究中的数据类型?内省数据(Introspectivedata)?诱导数据(Eliciteddata)?语料数据(Corpusdata)Isthewordquiverintransitiveornot?Corpus，复数：Corpora?(corpse)?语料库源于拉丁词“Corpus”，本意为“body”。顾名思义，语料库便由是一个一个语言的“body”组建而成的。Acorpusisacollectionofnaturally-occurringlanguagetext,chosentocharacterizeastateorvarietyofalanguage.?Acollectionofmachine-readableauthentictextswhichissampledtoberepresentativeofaparticularlanguageorlanguagevariety.在现代语言学的意义上，对语料库的认识至少应该包含如下三点：（1)语料库中存放的是在语言的实际使用中真实出现过的语言材料；（2)语料库是以电子计算机为载体承载语言知识的基础资源