单相交流电机知识.docx

单相沟通电机

[]Single-phaseACinductionmotors

单相沟通感应电机

Three-phasemotorsinherentlyproducearotatingmagneticfield.However,whenonlysingle-phasepowerisavailable,therotatingmagneticfieldmustbeproducedusingothermeans.Severalmethodsarecommonlyused:

三相电时机自动产生旋转的磁场。但是，当供电系统为单相时，则需要用其他的方法来产生旋转磁场。通常用以下几种方法：

[]Shaded-polemotor

Acommonsingle-phasemotoristheshaded-polemotor,whichisusedindevicesrequiringlowstartingtorque,suchaselectricfansorothersmallhouseholdappliance

s.Inthis motor, small single-turn copper “shading coils“create themoving magnetic field. Part ofeach pole isencircled byacopper coil orstrap; theinduced current inthestrap opposes the change offlux through the coil (Lenz”s Law), sothat the maximumfieldintensitymovesacrossthepolefaceoneachcycle,thusproducingalowlevelrotatingmagneticfieldwhichislargeenoughtoturn

boththerotoranditsattachedload.Astherotoracceleratesthetorquebuildsuptoitsfulllevelastheprincipal(rotationallystationary)magneticfieldisrotatingrelative

totherotatingrotor.Suchmotorsaredifficulttoreversewithoutsignificantinternalalterations.

[_]蔽极式电机

通常所见的单相电机都是蔽极式电机，一般用于启动力矩小的设备中，比方电风扇和其他的小型家用电器中。在这种电机中，小的单级旋转隐蔽铜线圈会产生转动的磁场。每个极的局部都被铜线圈或铜带包围住；为了阻挡线圈中的电流变化〔楞次定律〕

铜带中就会产生感应电流，以便每个周期最大场强都能越过极面，从而产生一个足够大的低级转动磁场来传动转子以及它上面的负载。随着转子增加它的扭矩到最大，原〔固定转动的〕磁场就会随着转子的转动而转动。这些电机很难反转，除非内在构造有所变化。

[]Split-phaseinductionmotor[_]分相感应电机

Anothercommonsingle-phaseACmotoristhesplit-phaseinductionmotor,commonlyusedinmajorappliancessuchaswashingmachinesandclothesdryers.Comparedtotheshadedpolemotor,thesemotorscangenerally

providemuchgreaterstartingtorquebyusingaspecialstartupwindinginconjunctionwithacentrifugalswitch.

另外一种常见的单相沟通电机就是分相感应电机，通常用于

像洗衣机和干衣机这样的大型家用电器中。与蔽极式电机相比，这些电机通过将启动绕组和离心开关连接在一起通常可以供给很大的启动力矩。

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