SCALING UP DEFINITIONS AND ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS标度的定义和基本要素.ppt

SCALINGUP:DEFINITIONS,MODELS,ANDESSENTIALELEMENTSJulianA.LapitanandMarkA.Bell1of19

Therearenumeroussustainableagriculture(SA)initiativesandexperiencespromotedbyNGOsand?otherinstitutionsthathaveledtogreaterfoodself-sufficiency,environmentalpreservation,andincomesecuritytothousandsoffarmingfamilies;SuccessfulSAinitiativesneedtobescaleduptospreadtheirbenefitsmorewidelyandquicklytomorepeopleandpromotepoliciesthatwillsustainthem;I.Introduction2of19

Quantitativescalingup–whenaprogramoranorganizationexpandsitssizethroughincreasingitsmembershipbaseorconstituencyincludingtheirworkingareaandbudgets;Functionalscalingup—whenacommunity-basedprogramoragrassrootsorganizationexpandsthenumberandthetypeofitsactivities,sayfromagriculturalproductiontohealthandnutrition,credit,literacy,training,etc.Theorganizationaddnewactivitiestotheiroperationalrange.II.Definitionsofscalingup3of19

3.Politicalscalingup—whenparticipatoryorganizationsmovebeyondservicedeliverytowardempowermentandchangeinthestructuralcausesofunderdevelopment.Itincludesactivepoliticalinvolvementandthedevelopmentofrelationwiththestate;4.Organizationalscalingup—whenorganizationsincreasetheirstrengthtoimproveitseffectiveness,efficiencyandsustainabilityoftheiractivitiesthroughimprovingfinancialcapability(incomegeneration,etc.)andinternalmanagementcapacity(e.gtraining,etc).II.Definitionsofscalingup4of19

1.BlueprintmodelExpertsselectsuccessfulinterventionsfromlocalorinternationalexperience;Blueprintdesignedbyoutsidersandimposedwithregulationsandtargets;Communityparticipationoftenbecomestop-down;TightsupervisionandincentivesachievequickresultsbutlosesustainabilityIII.Goingtoscalemodels5of19

2.ExplosionmodelFocusedinterventionsselectedasnationalorglobalpriorities;Tight